Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test 12

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Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test 12

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
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Read the following and answer any four questions from 3(1) to 3(v) given below: DNA replication is a complex multistep process that requires enzymes, protein factors and metal ions. DNA replication in eukaryotes occurs in the nucleus during the S-phase of the cell cycle. It is semi discontinuous in eukaryotes. In prokaryotes, replication takes place in the cytoplasm. DNA replication in bacteria occurs prior to fission. Nucleoid or viral chromosome is a single molecule of nucleic acid, it may be linear or circular. Nucleic acid in a virus is either DNA or RNA but never both.
In viral DNA, how many origins of replication are present?

A
A. Single

B
B. Twice

C
C. Multiple

D
D. None

Solution

Replication begins at a particular spot called origin of replication or ori. Bacterial and viral DNA has a single origin of replication. It functions as a single replicating unit or replicon.
Question 2
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Read the following and answer any four questions from 2(i) to 2(v) given below: In prokaryotes, DNA is circular and present in the cytoplasm but in eukaryotes, DNA is linear and mainly confined to the nucleus. DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is a long polymer of nucleotides. In 1953, the first correct double helical structure of DNA was worked out by Watson and Crick. Based on the X-ray diffraction data produced by Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin. It is composed of three components, i.e., A phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar and a nitrogenous base. Different forms of DNA are B-DNA, Z-DNA, A-DNA, C-DNA and D-DNA.
Name the linkage present between the nitrogen base and pentose sugar in DNA.

A
A. Phosphodiester bond

B
B. Glycosidic bond

C
C. Hydrogen bond

D
D. None of these

Solution

In DNA the nitrogenous base and a pentose sugar join to form nucleoside with the help of a bond called glycosidic bond or N-glycosidic linkage.
Question 3
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Read the following and answer any four questions from 3(1) to 3(v) given below: DNA replication is a complex multistep process that requires enzymes, protein factors and metal ions. DNA replication in eukaryotes occurs in the nucleus during the S-phase of the cell cycle. It is semi discontinuous in eukaryotes. In prokaryotes, replication takes place in the cytoplasm. DNA replication in bacteria occurs prior to fission. Nucleoid or viral chromosome is a single molecule of nucleic acid, it may be linear or circular. Nucleic acid in a virus is either DNA or RNA but never both.
Select the main enzyme involved in DNA replication.

A
A. DNA ligase

B
B. DNA dependent DNA polymerase

C
C. Topoisomerase

D
D. Helicase

Solution

A large number of enzymes are required for DNA replication. DNA-dependent DNA polymerase is the main enzyme which takes part in combining deoxyribose nucleotides to form new DNA strands.
Question 4
1 / -0

Read the following and answer any four questions from 2(i) to 2(v) given below: In prokaryotes, DNA is circular and present in the cytoplasm but in eukaryotes, DNA is linear and mainly confined to the nucleus. DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is a long polymer of nucleotides. In 1953, the first correct double helical structure of DNA was worked out by Watson and Crick. Based on the X-ray diffraction data produced by Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin. It is composed of three components, i.e., A phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar and a nitrogenous base. Different forms of DNA are B-DNA, Z-DNA, A-DNA, C-DNA and D-DNA.
I he double helix structure of DNA was proposed by

A
James Watson and Francis Crick

B
Earwin Chargaff

C
Federick Griffith

D
Hershey and Chase.

Solution

The correct structure of D N A was first worked out by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953. Their double-helix model of DNA structure was based on two major investigations, i.e Chargaff's rules of base pairing and study of X-ray diffraction patterns of DNA produced by Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin which helped Watson and Crick to design the 3-dimensional structure of DNA.
Question 5
1 / -0

Read the following and answer any four questions from 3(1) to 3(v) given below: DNA replication is a complex multistep process that requires enzymes, protein factors and metal ions. DNA replication in eukaryotes occurs in the nucleus during the S-phase of the cell cycle. It is semi discontinuous in eukaryotes. In prokaryotes, replication takes place in the cytoplasm. DNA replication in bacteria occurs prior to fission. Nucleoid or viral chromosome is a single molecule of nucleic acid, it may be linear or circular. Nucleic acid in a virus is either DNA or RNA but never both.
DNA strand, built up of Okazaki fragments is called

A
A. lagging strand

B
B. leading strand

C
C. complementary strand

D
D. parental strand.

Solution

Lagging strand is a replicated strand of DNA which is formed in short segments called Okazaki fragments. Its growth is discontinuous.
Question 6
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Read the following and answer any four questions from 2(i) to 2(v) given below: In prokaryotes, DNA is circular and present in the cytoplasm but in eukaryotes, DNA is linear and mainly confined to the nucleus. DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is a long polymer of nucleotides. In 1953, the first correct double helical structure of DNA was worked out by Watson and Crick. Based on the X-ray diffraction data produced by Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin. It is composed of three components, i.e., A phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar and a nitrogenous base. Different forms of DNA are B-DNA, Z-DNA, A-DNA, C-DNA and D-DNA.
The double chain of B-DNA is coiled in a helical fashion. Ihe spiral twisting of B-DNA duplex produces

A
A. right and left part

B
B. major and minor grooves

C
C. upper and lower sides

D
D. linear and circular part.

Solution

Due to spiral twisting, the B-DNA duplex comes to have two types of alternate grooves, Le.t major (length 22 A) and minor (length 12 A).
Question 7
1 / -0

Read the following and answer any four questions from 3(1) to 3(v) given below: DNA replication is a complex multistep process that requires enzymes, protein factors and metal ions. DNA replication in eukaryotes occurs in the nucleus during the S-phase of the cell cycle. It is semi discontinuous in eukaryotes. In prokaryotes, replication takes place in the cytoplasm. DNA replication in bacteria occurs prior to fission. Nucleoid or viral chromosome is a single molecule of nucleic acid, it may be linear or circular. Nucleic acid in a virus is either DNA or RNA but never both.
Select the incorrect statement about DNA polymerase in eukaryotes.

A
A. Polymerase a is required for initiation of replication.

B
B. When the RNA primer gets removed the gap is filled by DNA polymerase β in eukaryotes.

C
C. Polymerase ɛ helps in elongation of lagging strand

D
D. Polymerase is the largest and main enzyme for DNA replication in eukaryotes.

Solution

DNA Polymerase ? is the largest and main enzyme for replication in eukaryotes.
Question 8
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Read the following and answer any four questions from 4(i) to 4(v) given below: The process o f copying genetic information from a template strand of DNA into RNA is called transcription. It is mediated by RNA polymerase. Transcription takes place in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. In transcription, only a segment of DNA and only one of the strands is copied into RNA.
Monocistronic structural genes are found in which organisms?

A
A. Prokaryotes

B
B. Bacteria

C
C. Viruses

D
D. Eukaryotes

Solution

Monocistronic structural gene carries information for synthesis of one polypeptide chain. They are mostly found in eukaryotes.
Question 9
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Read the following and answer any four questions from 5(i) to 5(v) given below: Translation is the process of polymerisation of amino acids to form a polypeptide. The order and sequence of amino acids are defined by the sequence bases in the mRNA. The amino acids are joined by a bond called peptide bond. Ribosome is the site of protein synthesis.
Which ion is essential for association of both units of ribosome at the time of protein formation?

A
A. Mg²⁺

B
B. Mn²⁺

C
C. Cl^-

D
D. Ca²⁺

Solution

The two subunits o f ribosomes come together at the time of protein formation. This phenomenon is called association. Mg²⁺ is essential for it.
Question 10
1 / -0

Read the following and answer any four questions from 4(i) to 4(v) given below: The process o f copying genetic information from a template strand of DNA into RNA is called transcription. It is mediated by RNA polymerase. Transcription takes place in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. In transcription, only a segment of DNA and only one of the strands is copied into RNA.
Which enzyme helps in tailing or polyadenylation?

A
A. Poly-A polymerase

B
B. Exonucleases

C
C. RNA polymerase I

D
D. RNA polymerase II

Solution

Tailing or polyadenylation is addition of a poly-A tail at 3' end of hn mRNA with the help of poly-A polymerase. The poly-A tail contains adenylate residues (about 200-300 residues). Polyadenylation is thought to protect the 3' end from degradation by exonucleases.
Question 11
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Read the following and answer any four questions from 5(i) to 5(v) given below: Translation is the process of polymerisation of amino acids to form a polypeptide. The order and sequence of amino acids are defined by the sequence bases in the mRNA. The amino acids are joined by a bond called peptide bond. Ribosome is the site of protein synthesis.
During translation, how many initiation factors are required in eukaryotes for initiation reactions?

A
A. 3

B
B. 6

C
C. 7

D
D. 9

Solution

Eukaryotes have nine initiation factors- elf2, elf3, elf 1, elf4A, elf4B, eIf4C, elf4D, elf5,elf6.
Question 12
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Read the following and answer any four questions from 4(i) to 4(v) given below: The process o f copying genetic information from a template strand of DNA into RNA is called transcription. It is mediated by RNA polymerase. Transcription takes place in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. In transcription, only a segment of DNA and only one of the strands is copied into RNA.
Read the given list of materials.
1. RNA polymerase enzyme
2. DNA template
3. RNA primers
4. Okazaki segments
5. Four types of ribonucleotides triphosphates
6. Divalent metal ions Mg²⁺ as a cofactor.
Which of the above given materials are required for transcription?

A
A. (1), (2), (3) and (4)

B
B. (1), (2), (3), (5) and (6)

C
C. (1),(2), (5) and (6)

D
D. All of these

Solution

RNA primer and Okazaki segments are not needed in transcription.
Question 13
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Read the following and answer any four questions from 5(i) to 5(v) given below: Translation is the process of polymerisation of amino acids to form a polypeptide. The order and sequence of amino acids are defined by the sequence bases in the mRNA. The amino acids are joined by a bond called peptide bond. Ribosome is the site of protein synthesis.
Name the enzyme that helps in combining amino acid to its particular tRNA.

A
A. Activating enzyme

B
B. Amino-acyl /TRNA-synthetase

C
C. Peptidyl transferase

D
D. Both (a) and (b)

Solution

Amino-acyl /TRNA-synthetase is also called aa-activating enzyme.
Question 14
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Read the following and answer any four questions from 6(i) to 6(v) given below: I he process of translation requires transfer of genetic information from a polymer of nucleotides to synthesise a polymer of amino acids. Ihe relationship between the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide and nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA is called genetic code. George Gamow suggested that in order to code for all the 20 amino acids, code should be made up of three nucleotides.
What is a codon?

A
A. A length of DNA which codes for a particular protein.

B
B. A part of the fRNA molecule to which a specific amino acid is attached.

C
C. A part of the fRNA molecule which recognises the triplet code on the messenger RNA.

D
D. A part of the messenger RNA molecule that has a sequence of bases coding for an amino acid.

Solution

Codon is complementary to a triple t of template strand. It is found in mRNA. Anticodon is complementary to a codon that occurs in tRNA.
Question 15
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Read the following and answer any four questions from 5(i) to 5(v) given below: Translation is the process of polymerisation of amino acids to form a polypeptide. The order and sequence of amino acids are defined by the sequence bases in the mRNA. The amino acids are joined by a bond called peptide bond. Ribosome is the site of protein synthesis.
From the given list, select the translation machinery.
1. mRNA
2. Ribosomes
3. Amino acids
4. tRNAs
5. Peptidyl transferase
6. Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase
7. Pyrophosphatase

A
A. (1), (2), (3), (4) and (6)

B
B. (1), (2), (3), (4) and (5)

C
C. (1), (2), (3), (4), (5) and (6)

D
D. (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6) and (7)

Solution

Enzyme peptidyl transferase is a component of a larger subunit of ribosome. It catalyses two principal chemical reactions - peptide bond formation and peptide release. Enzyme pyrophosphatase hydrolyses pyrophosphate and provides energy for driving the initial reaction of activating amino acids.

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Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test 12

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Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test 12

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Question 1

A. Single

B. Twice

C. Multiple

D. None

Solution

Question 2

A. Phosphodiester bond

B. Glycosidic bond

C. Hydrogen bond

D. None of these

Solution

Question 3

A. DNA ligase

B. DNA dependent DNA polymerase

C. Topoisomerase

D. Helicase

Solution

Question 4

James Watson and Francis Crick

Earwin Chargaff

Federick Griffith

Hershey and Chase.

Solution

Question 5

A. lagging strand

B. leading strand

C. complementary strand

D. parental strand.

Solution

Question 6

A. right and left part

B. major and minor grooves

C. upper and lower sides

D. linear and circular part.

Solution

Question 7

A. Polymerase a is required for initiation of replication.

B. When the RNA primer gets removed the gap is filled by DNA polymerase β in eukaryotes.

C. Polymerase ɛ helps in elongation of lagging strand

D. Polymerase is the largest and main enzyme for DNA replication in eukaryotes.

Solution

Question 8

A. Prokaryotes

B. Bacteria

C. Viruses

D. Eukaryotes

Solution

Question 9

A. Mg2+

B. Mn2+

C. Cl-

D. Ca2+

Solution

Question 10

A. Poly-A polymerase

B. Exonucleases

C. RNA polymerase I

D. RNA polymerase II

Solution

Question 11

A. 3

B. 6

C. 7

D. 9

Solution

Question 12

A. (1), (2), (3) and (4)

B. (1), (2), (3), (5) and (6)

C. (1),(2), (5) and (6)

D. All of these

Solution

A. Mg²⁺

B. Mn²⁺

C. Cl^-

D. Ca²⁺