Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test 9

Most human cells have 2 of each of the 23 homologous monoploid chromosomes, for a total of 46 chromosomes. A human cell with an extra set out of the 23 normal ones would be considered euploid. Euploid karyotypes would consequentially be a multiple of the haploid number, which in humans is 23.

Polymer Chain Reaction(PCR) is a technique used in molecular biology to make several copies of a specific DNA segment.  PCR can be used in genetic fingerprinting process to make numerous copies of isolated DNA. As DNA is unique to an individual, we can use DNA fingerprinting to match genetic information with the person it came from. The restriction fragment length polymorphism technique (RFLP) "cuts" out genes which are likely to be differentiating factors using restriction enzymes.hence , it can be used in genetic fingerprinting.

Chromosome 1 was the last completed chromosome, sequenced two decades after the beginning of the human Genome Project(hGP). It is the designation for the largest human chromosome. 

DNA fingerprint is individual-specific DNA identification which is made possible by the finding that no two people are likely to have the same of copies of repetitive DNA sequences of regions. The chromosomes of every human cells contains short, highly repeated DNA sequence (15 nucleotide) called minisatelite scattered throughout. 

For DNA fingerprinting special single stranded DNA-probes are made in the laboratory. DNA-probes contain repeated sequences of bases complementary to those on VNTRs. These probes are made radioactive by labeling with radioactive isotopes. This step helps in detecting DNA fingerprints or variable number of tandem repeats (VNTRs).