Evolution Test 6

Sinanthropus is Peking Man which was considered by some to be a direct ancestor of modern humans.

Both Neanderthals and anatomically modern humans were initially thought to have evolved from Homo erectus between 300,000 and 200,000 years ago. H. erectus had emerged around 1.8 million years ago, and had long been present, in various subspecies throughout Eurasia.

Homo sapiens does not have opposable toe, large canine and chin is present. The only character applies to homo sapiens is cranial capacity of 1450cc. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Java and it's pithecanthropus also known as java man.

Bipedalism evolved well before the large human brain or the development of stone tools.  Recent evidence regarding modern human sexual dimorphism (physical differences between male and female) in the lumbar spine has been seen in pre-modern primates such as Australopithecus africanus.

Lichens are sensitive to SO₂ pollution. Lichens are very good pollution indicators, they do not grow in polluted areas.

B- While Homo erectus used chiseled stones to make different tools, Cro magnon excavations have shown that they used materials like bones, antlers, teeth and ivory. With these new materials, they were able to create sharper blades, needles for sewing, and fishhooks for fishing.

Cro Magnon man is the direct ancestor of a modern human. These are the first early Modern Humans of the European Upper Paleolithic. It appeared during Holocene period that lived about 40,000 years ago. The brain capacity was about 1,600 cc, larger than the average for modern humans. They were robustly built and powerful. The body was generally heavy and solid with a strong musculature. The face was short and wide and chin is prominent. 

So, the correct answer is option C.

Homo habilis is a proposed archaic (early) species of Homo which lived between roughly 2.1 and 1.5 million years ago, during the Gelasian (earliest period) and early Calabrian (geologic time scale) stages of the Pleistocene geological epoch (this period lasted from about 2,580,000 to 11,700 years ago).

Proconsul belongs to animal kingdom and it is a chordata and belongs to class mammalia which is near in the mixture of old monkey and ape.They are called the ancestors of apes and monkeys.

Homo sapiens is the binomial nomenclature for the only extant human species. Homo is the human genus, which also includes Neanderthals and many other extinct species of hominid; H. sapiens is the only surviving species of the genus Homo. The binomial name Homo sapiens was coined by Carl Linnaeus. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Australopithecus, a hominid that lived 4.5 to 4 million years ago, was discovered in 1924 from South Africa and hence is also called as “Southern ape of Africa”.Fossils of Homo erectus  were discovered from Pleistocene rocks of Central Jawa and hence the name Jawa man.

Humans first appeared in the African continent 6 million years ago. According to the genetic and paleontological record, we only started to leave Africa between 60,000 and 70,000 years ago , in the middle of the stone age and this is the reason why most fossils are found in the African continent.

Most recent man found fossil was Cromagnon man. It lived during the upper Paleolithic period (40,000 to 10,000 years ago) in Europe. The fossils were discovered in 1868 in a shallow cave at Cro-Magnon in southwestern France. The body was generally heavy and solid, apparently with strong musculature. The forehead was straight, with slight brow ridges, and the face short and wide. Cro-Magnons were the first humans to have a prominent chin. The brain capacity was about 1,600 cc. 

Fossil of primitive man recovered in shivalik hills 15 mya is of ramapethicus .

Java man was characterized by a cranial capacity averaging 900 cubic cm smaller than those of later specimens of H. erectus, a skull flat in profile with little forehead, a crest along the top of the head for attachment of powerful jaw muscles, very thick skull bones, heavy brow ridges and a massive jaw with no chin. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Java man, extinct hominin, member of the human lineage known from fossil remains found on the island of Java, Indonesia. A skullcap and thighbone discovered by the Dutch anatomist and geologist Eugene Dubois in the early 1890s were the first known fossils of the species Homo erectus. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

In December 2013, researchers reported evidence that Neanderthals practiced burial behaviour and intentionally buried their dead. In addition, scientists reported for the first time, the entire genome of a Neanderthals. The genome was extracted from the toe bone of a 130,000 year old Neanderthal found in a Siberian cave. Evidence suggests that the Neanderthals were the first humans to intentionally bury the dead , doing so in shallow graves along with stone tools and animal bones. Exemplary sites include Shanidar in Iraq, Kebara cave in Issael and Krapina in Croatia.

Evolution of man was possible because our ape-like ancestors showed bipedal movement on open land. Bipedalism is a form of terrestrial locomotion where an organism moves by means of its two rear limbs or legs. The greatest advantage of bipedal movement is forearms becoming free for carrying out the order of brain. It also raises the head; this allows a greater field of vision with improved detection of distant dangers or resources, access to deeper water for wading animals and allows the animals to reach higher food sources with their mouths. So, the correct answer is option A.

Pei Wenzhong was a Chinese paleontologist, archaeologist and anthropologist born in Fengnan. Professor Pei is considered a founding figure of Chinese anthropology. He graduated from Peking University in 1928 and went to work for the Cenozoic Research Laboratory of the Geological Survey of China joining the excavations of the Peking Man Site at Zhoukoudian, where he was named the field director of the excavations the following year. The first fossil hominin skullcap was recovered by Pei working in a 40-meter crevasse in frigid weather with a hammer in one hand and a candle in the other on December 2, 1929.

Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

In 1856, Johann Karl Fuhlrott first recognized the fossil called as "Neanderthal man", discovered in Neanderthal, a valley near Mettmann in what is now North Rhine Westphalia, Germany. The Neanderthals are an extinct species of human in the genus Homo. They are closely related to modern humans differing in DNA by just 0.12%. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Cro-Magnons were robustly built and powerful. The body was generally heavy and solid with a strong musculature. The forehead was fairly straight rather than sloping like in Neanderthals and with only slight brow ridges. The face was short and wide. The chin was prominent. The brain capacity was about 1,600 cc, larger than the average for modern humans.

Primates are heterodonts with four kinds of teeth: incisors, canines, premolars, and molars. The numbers of each kind of tooth vary by species. Humans, for example, have 8 incisors, 4 canines, 8 premolars, and 12 molars, for a total of 32 teeth.

Bipedalism is a form of terrestrial locomotion where an organism moves by means of its two rear limbs or legs. The greatest advantage of bipedal movement is forearms becoming free for carrying out order of brain. It also raises the head, this allows a greater field of vision with improved detection of distant dangers or resources, access to deeper water for wading animals and allows the animals to reach higher food sources with their mouths.

Together with an Asian people known as Denisovans, Neanderthals are our closest ancient human relatives. Scientific evidence suggests our two species shared a common ancestor. Current evidence from both fossils and DNA suggests that Neanderthal and modern human lineages separated at least 500,000 years ago.

Largest cranial capacity was found in Neanderthal man.Cranial capacity of Peking man was 1000 cc to 1300 cc while that of Neanderthal man was 1350 to 1700 cm³. Java man and Cromagnon man had the cranial capacity of 900 cm³ and 1600 cm³ respectively.