Biodiversity and its Conservation Test 8

Valleys, shade sides of mountains and western ghats have more trees and water resources where more diverse fauna and flora may be present due to the availability of their life-sustaining resources compared with the others. Foothills, when compared with the mountain peak, are more diverse because mountain peaks are at higher altitude there is more sunlight, less water or we can say no water and also colder climate when compared to foothills so it will mostly be covered with either snow or there will exist a grassland.

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data List), founded in 1964, is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biological species. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is the world's main authority on the conservation status of species. A series of Regional Red Lists are produced by countries or organizations, which assess the risk of extinction to species within a political management unit. It consists of 8 categories.

Leucaena leucocephala is a small fast-growing mimosoid tree native to southern Mexico and northern Central America (Belize and Guatemala)  and is now naturalized throughout the tropics.Leucaena provides medium-density wood, high-protein fodder from its leaves and fixes nitrogen in the roots which help the soil. No wonder that the then Government of India made it a part of a social forestry program to increase green cover and provide fuel for rural households.

Zoos are the artificial habitats of animals wherein animals are conserved for public view. Wildlife sanctuaries cover a large geographical area as compared to that of zoo. 
The Government of India has provided the private ownership rights in zoo as
the recent incident of a youth being killed by a white tiger at the Delhi zoo highlighted the need to restructure and revamp Indian zoological parks.

Hot spots for biodiversity are the areas with a high density of biodiversity and megadiversity which are also the most threatened once. Ecological hotspots are determined by four factors.
Number of species diversity.
Degree of endemism.
The degree of threat to that habitat due to its degradation and fragmentation.
Degree of exploitation
So, the correct option is 'having traditional strategy for protection of biodiversity'.

Berberis nilghiriensis is a plant species that is commonly known as the Nilgiri Barberry. The species is an endangered shrub that is confined only to the Nilgiris in Tamil Nadu, India. Hence. It is an endemic species.Bentinckia nicobarica is also known as the Bentinck palm. It is a plant species that bears flowers and is confined to Nicobar islands in the Bay of Bengal. Hence, it is an endemic species.Nepenthes khasiana is found in the Khasi Hills in India and is an endangered species of the pitcher plant belonging to the Nepenthes genus.
All three plant species are endemic, while the Podophyllum is a plant species that occur in the United States and Canada. One of its species is also found in the Himalayas. So, Podophyllum is not an endemic species.Therefore, Podophyllum is the odd one out.

Nilaparvata lunges is a brown plant hopper which feeds on Oryza sativa i.e., rice. The yellow pots is due to brown hopper. Avoid nitrogenous fertilizer to control the hopper.

World Wildlife Fund. WWF is one of the world's largest and most experienced independent conservation organisations, with almost 5 million supporters and a global network active in more than 100 countries. It is a charity, with approximately 90 percent of its funding coming from voluntary donations by private individuals and businesses. WWF's mission is to stop the degradation of the planet's natural environment and to build a future in which humans live in harmony with nature. One of three goals of WWF is conserving the world's biological diversity.

The IUCN Red List (2004) documents the extinction of 784 species in the last 500 years. Some examples of recent extinctions include the three subspecies (Bali, Javan, Caspian) of tiger.