Solid State Test

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Solid State Test - 21

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Question 1
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Directions: In the question, A statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as.

Assertion (A): A two dimensional arrangement where each sphere is in contact with four of its neighbour and has a 2-D coordination number 4 is square close packing arrangement.
Reason (R): In such arrangement, if centres of the neighbouring spheres are joined, a square is formed.

A
Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

B
Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.

C
Assertion is true but Reason is false.

D
Assertion is false but Reason is true.

E
Assertion and Reason both are false.

Solution

In square close packing arrangement in two dimension, each sphere is in contact with 4 spheres and if the centres of neighbouring spheres are joined a square is formed.
Question 2
1 / -0

Directions: In the question, A statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as.

Assertion: In the crystal lattice, the size of the cation is larger in a tetrahedral hole than in an octahedral hole.
Reason: The cations occupy more space than anions in crystal packing.

A
Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

B
Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.

C
Assertion is true but Reason is false.

D
Assertion is false but Reason is true.

E
Assertion and Reason both are false.

Solution

Tetrahedral holes are smaller in size than octahedral holes. Cations usually occupy less space than anions.
Question 3
1 / -0

Directions: In the question, A statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as.

Assertion (A): The packing efficiency of simple cubic lattice is 52.4%.
Reason (R): The number of atoms per unit cell is 2.

A
Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

B
Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.

C
Assertion is true but Reason is false.

D
Assertion is false but Reason is true.

E
Assertion and Reason both are false.

Solution

For simple cubic lattice a = 2r
Number of atoms per unit cell = 1
Question 4
1 / -0

Directions: In the question, A statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as.

Assertion: Total number of octahedral voids present in the unit cell of cubic close packing including the one that is present at the body center, is four.
Reason: Besides the body center there is one octahedral void present at the center of each of the six faces of the unit cell and each of which is shared between two adjacent unit cells.

A
Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

B
Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.

C
Assertion is true but Reason is false.

D
Assertion is false but Reason is true.

E
Assertion and Reason both are false.

Solution

The correct statement for reason is,
Besides the body Centre there is one octahedral void at the Centre of each 12 edges which is shared between four adjacent unit cells.
Octahedral voids present at the body Centre of the cube = 1
12 octahedral voids located at each edge and shared between four unit cells = (12 × 1/4) = 3
Total number of octahedral voids = 4.
Question 5
1 / -0

Directions: In the question, A statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as.

Assertion (A): The packing efficiency is maximum for the fcc structure.
Reason (R): The coordination number is 12 in fcc structure.

A
Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

B
Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.

C
Assertion is true but Reason is false.

D
Assertion is false but Reason is true.

E
Assertion and Reason both are false.

Solution

Both ccp and hcp are highly efficient lattice; in terms of packing. The packing efficiency of both types of close packed structure is 74%, i.e., 74% of the space in hcp and ccp is filled. The hcp and ccp structures are equally efficient; in terms of packing. The packing efficiency of simple cubic lattice is 52.4% and the packing efficiency of body centred cubic lattice (bcc) is 68%.
Question 6
1 / -0

Directions: In the question, A statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as.

Assertion: In any ionic solid (MX) with Schottky defects, the number of positive and negative ions is the same.
Reason: Equal number of cation and anion vacancies are present.

A
Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

B
Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.

C
Assertion is true but Reason is false.

D
Assertion is false but Reason is true.

E
Assertion and Reason both are false.

Solution

Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.Schottky defect is due to the missing of an equal number of cations and anions.
Question 7
1 / -0

Directions: In the question, A statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as.

Assertion (A): Density of the crystal decreases in Frenkel defect.
Reason (R): In this defect, one of the ion is missing from lattice position and occupies interstitial site.

A
Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

B
Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.

C
Assertion is true but Reason is false.

D
Assertion is false but Reason is true.

E
Assertion and Reason both are false.

Solution

Density of the crystal does not decreases in Frenkel defect as no ion is missing from the crystal.
Question 8
1 / -0

Directions: In the question, A statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as.

Assertion: In close packing of spheres, a tetrahedral void is surrounded by four spheres whereas an octahedral void is surrounded by six spheres.
Reason: A tetrahedral void has a tetrahedral shape whereas an octahedral void has an octahedral shape.

A
Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

B
Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.

C
Assertion is true but Reason is false.

D
Assertion is false but Reason is true.

E
Assertion and Reason both are false.

Solution

Tetrahedral void is so-called because it is surrounded by four spheres tetrahedrally while octahedral void is so-called because it is surrounded by six spheres octahedrally.
Question 9
1 / -0

Directions: In the question, A statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as.

Assertion (A): Schottky defect arises when a non-ionic solid is heated.
Reason (R): It happens because some of the lattice sites are vacant in the crystal.

A
Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

B
Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.

C
Assertion is true but Reason is false.

D
Assertion is false but Reason is true.

E
Assertion and Reason both are false.

Solution

Vacancy defect arises when a non-ionic solid is heated. It happens because some of the lattice sites are vacant in the crystal.
Question 10
1 / -0

Directions: In the question, A statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as.

Assertion: The packing efficiency is maximum for the fcc structure.
Reason: The coordination number is 12 in fcc structures.

A
Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

B
Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.

C
Assertion is true but Reason is false.

D
Assertion is false but Reason is true.

E
Assertion and Reason both are false.

Solution

Assertion and reason both are correct statements but the reason is not correct explanation for assertion.
The correct explanation is
In fcc structure no. of atoms present = 4 per unit cell which provides a maximum packing efficiency of 74%.
Question 11
1 / -0

Directions: In the question, A statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as.

Assertion: NaCl crystal is sometimes yellow in colour.
Reason: Na+ in the crystal absorbs electrons from the air and hence gives yellow colour.

A
Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

B
Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.

C
Assertion is true but Reason is false.

D
Assertion is false but Reason is true.

E
Assertion and Reason both are false.

Solution

The assertion is true but Reason is false.
NaCl crystal is sometimes yellow in colour due to an excess of sodium.
In NaCl crystal, some chloride ions are missing forming holes. These holes are occupied by electrons to maintain electrical neutrality. The holes occupied by electrons are called F-centres and are responsible for the colour of the compound.
Hence, the Assertion is correct but the Reason is incorrect.
Question 12
1 / -0

Directions: In the question, A statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as.

Assertion: Anion vacancies in alkali halides are produced by heating the alkali halide crystals with alkali metal vapour.
Reason: Electrons trapped in anion vacancies are referred to as F-centers.

A
Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

B
Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.

C
Assertion is true but Reason is false.

D
Assertion is false but Reason is true.

E
Assertion and Reason both are false.

Solution

Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
On heating, the metal atoms deposit on the surface and finally they diffuse into the crystal and after ionisation the alkali metal ion occupies cationic vacancy whereas electron occupies anionic vacancy.
Question 13
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Directions: In the question, A statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as.

Assertion: Group-13 doped crystals of silicon are called p-type semiconductors.
Reason: Holes (Positive in charge) appear to be responsible for the semiconducting properties.

A
Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

B
Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.

C
Assertion is true but Reason is false.

D
Assertion is false but Reason is true.

E
Assertion and Reason both are false.

Solution

Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
The addition of a small amount of foreign impurity in the host crystal is called doping. It results in an increase in the electrical conductivity of the crystal. Doping of group 14 elements (such as Si, Ge, etc.) with elements of group 15 (such as As) produces an excess of electrons in the crystals, thus, giving n-type semiconductors. Doping of group 14 elements with group 13 elements (such as Indium) produces holes (electron deficiency) in the crystals. Thus, p-type semiconductors are produced. The symbol ‘p’ indicates the flow of the positive charge. Positive holes are responsible for semiconducting properties like conduction.
Question 14
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Directions: In the question, A statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as.

Assertion: On heating ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic substances, they become paramagnetic.
Reason: The electrons change their spin on heating.

A
Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

B
Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.

C
Assertion is true but Reason is false.

D
Assertion is false but Reason is true.

E
Assertion and Reason both are false.

Solution

Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
All magnetically ordered solids (ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic solids) transform to the paramagnetic state at high temperature due to the randomization of spins.
Question 15
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Directions: In the question, A statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as.

Assertion: Lead zirconate is a piezoelectric crystal.
Reason: Lead zirconate crystals have no dipole moment.

A
Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

B
Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.

C
Assertion is true but Reason is false.

D
Assertion is false but Reason is true.

E
Assertion and Reason both are false.

Solution

The assertion is true but Reason is false.
In piezoelectric crystals, the dipoles may align themselves in an ordered manner such that there is a net dipole moment in the crystal.

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Solid State Test - 21

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Solid State Test - 21

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Question 1

Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.

Assertion is true but Reason is false.

Assertion is false but Reason is true.

Assertion and Reason both are false.

Solution

Question 2

Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.

Assertion is true but Reason is false.

Assertion is false but Reason is true.

Assertion and Reason both are false.

Solution

Question 3

Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.

Assertion is true but Reason is false.

Assertion is false but Reason is true.

Assertion and Reason both are false.

Solution

Question 4

Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.

Assertion is true but Reason is false.

Assertion is false but Reason is true.

Assertion and Reason both are false.

Solution

Question 5

Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.

Assertion is true but Reason is false.

Assertion is false but Reason is true.

Assertion and Reason both are false.

Solution

Question 6

Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.

Assertion is true but Reason is false.

Assertion is false but Reason is true.

Assertion and Reason both are false.

Solution

Question 7

Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.

Assertion is true but Reason is false.

Assertion is false but Reason is true.

Assertion and Reason both are false.

Solution

Question 8

Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.

Assertion is true but Reason is false.

Assertion is false but Reason is true.

Assertion and Reason both are false.

Solution

Question 9

Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.

Assertion is true but Reason is false.

Assertion is false but Reason is true.

Assertion and Reason both are false.

Solution

Question 10

Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.

Assertion is true but Reason is false.

Assertion is false but Reason is true.

Assertion and Reason both are false.

Solution

Question 11

Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.