Thermodynamics Test

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Thermodynamics Test - 28

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Question 1
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Entropy is a measure of degree of randomness. Entropy is directly proportional to temperature. Every system tries to acquire maximum state of randomness or disorder. Entropy is a measure of unavailable energy. Unavailable energy = Entropy × Temperature The ratio of Entropy of Vaporization and boiling point of a substance remains almost constant. Answer the given below questions (i) to (iv).
Q. Which of the following has S = +ve?

A
A. H₂(g) + Cl2 (g) → 2HCl (g)

B
B. Boiling of egg

C
C. Crystallization of Sugar

D
D. Formation of Complex Compound

Solution

Boiling of egg leads to denaturation of proteins which has random coil structure. Hence, ΔS = +ve.
Question 2
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Entropy is a measure of degree of randomness. Entropy is directly proportional to temperature. Every system tries to acquire maximum state of randomness or disorder. Entropy is a measure of unavailable energy. Unavailable energy = Entropy × Temperature The ratio of Entropy of Vaporization and boiling point of a substance remains almost constant. Answer the given below questions (i) to (iv).
Q. Which of the following has S = – ve?

A
A. Adsorption

B
B. Dissolution of NH₄Cl in water

C
C. H₂ → 2H

D
D. 2NaHCO₃ (s) → Na₂CO₃ + CO₂ + H₂O

Solution

In case of adsorption entropy decreases due to attraction between adsorbent and adsorbate.
Question 3
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Entropy is a measure of degree of randomness. Entropy is directly proportional to temperature. Every system tries to acquire maximum state of randomness or disorder. Entropy is a measure of unavailable energy. Unavailable energy = Entropy × Temperature The ratio of Entropy of Vaporization and boiling point of a substance remains almost constant. Answer the given below questions (i) to (iv).
Q. The sign of D in the reaction, N₂(g) + O₂(g) → 2NO(g) is:

A
A. +ve

B
B. –ve

C
C. Zero

D
D. None of these

Solution

It is an endothermic pressure. It will spontaneous only if ΔS = +ve.
Question 4
1 / -0

Entropy is a measure of degree of randomness. Entropy is directly proportional to temperature. Every system tries to acquire maximum state of randomness or disorder. Entropy is a measure of unavailable energy. Unavailable energy = Entropy × Temperature The ratio of Entropy of Vaporization and boiling point of a substance remains almost constant. Answer the given below questions (i) to (iv).
Q. The law of thermodynamics, which helps to determine absolute Entropy is:

A
A. Zeroth law

B
B. I law

C
C. II law

D
D. III law

Solution

Nernst invented third law of thermodynamics which helps to determine absolute entropy of various substances.
Question 5
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The internal energy of a system may be changed either by allowing the exchange of heat with the surroundings or by doing work on the system. If the reaction is carried out at a constant volume, pressure-volume work done is zero. We know that q_p = q_v + n_gRT. Internal energy is an extensive property and a state function. The questions from (i) to (iv) consist of an assertion (A) and reason (R). Choose the correct option:
Assertion: Internal energy of a system is an extensive property.
Reason: The internal energy of a system depends upon the physical state and amount of the substance.

A
A. A and R both are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.

B
B. A and R both are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.

C
C. A is true but R is false.

D
D. A is false but R is true.

Solution

As internal energy is U = mc_vdT so it depends upon mass m, and specific heat c_v, i.e., it depends upon amount and state of the substance.
So Internal energy is an extensive property of system.
For example if we take a container filled with gas and partition it into two halves, mass in each side also get halved, thus internal energy U = mc_vdT is also reduced to half.
Question 6
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The internal energy of a system may be changed either by allowing the exchange of heat with the surroundings or by doing work on the system. If the reaction is carried out at a constant volume, pressure-volume work done is zero. We know that q_p = q_v + n_gRT. Internal energy is an extensive property and a state function. The questions from (i) to (iv) consist of an assertion (A) and reason (R). Choose the correct option:
Assertion: Absolute value of internal energy (U) cannot be determined.
Reason: Internal energy is a sum of many types of energies, that depend on several factors.

A
A. A and R both are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.

B
B. A and R both are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.

C
C. A is true but R is false.

D
D. A is false but R is true.

Solution

Internal energy is given by
Accurate measurement of some forms of energy which contribute to the absolute value of internal energy for a given substance in a given state is impossible. So difference of the initial state and final state is calculated and is denoted by
ΔE = E_f - E_i
Question 7
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The internal energy of a system may be changed either by allowing the exchange of heat with the surroundings or by doing work on the system. If the reaction is carried out at a constant volume, pressure-volume work done is zero. We know that q_p = q_v + n_gRT. Internal energy is an extensive property and a state function. The questions from (i) to (iv) consist of an assertion (A) and reason (R). Choose the correct option:
Assertion: Work and internal energy of a system are state functions.
Reason: The sum of q + w is a state function.

A
A. A and R both are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.

B
B. A and R both are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.

C
C. A is true but R is false.

D
D. A is false but R is true.

Solution

w and q are not state functions they are path function, whereas ΔU = q + w is state function.
Question 8
1 / -0

The internal energy of a system may be changed either by allowing the exchange of heat with the surroundings or by doing work on the system. If the reaction is carried out at a constant volume, pressure-volume work done is zero. We know that q_p = q_v + n_gRT. Internal energy is an extensive property and a state function. The questions from (i) to (iv) consist of an assertion (A) and reason (R). Choose the correct option:
Assertion: The increase in energy (U) for the vaporization of one mole in water at 1 atm and 373 K is zero.
Reason: For gaseous isothermal processes, U = 0.

A
A. A and R both are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.

B
B. A and R both are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.

C
C. A is true but R is false.

D
D. A is false but R is true.

Solution

Internal energy increases with rise in temperature. ΔU = 0 is only for ideal gases.

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Thermodynamics Test - 28

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Thermodynamics Test - 28

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Question 1

A. H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) → 2HCl (g)

B. Boiling of egg

C. Crystallization of Sugar

D. Formation of Complex Compound

Solution

Question 2

A. Adsorption

B. Dissolution of NH4Cl in water

C. H2 → 2H

D. 2NaHCO3 (s) → Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O

Solution

Question 3

A. +ve

B. –ve

C. Zero

D. None of these

Solution

Question 4

A. Zeroth law

B. I law

C. II law

D. III law

Solution

Question 5

A. A and R both are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.

B. A and R both are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.

C. A is true but R is false.

D. A is false but R is true.

Solution

Question 6

A. A and R both are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.

B. A and R both are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.

C. A is true but R is false.

D. A is false but R is true.

Solution

Question 7

A. A and R both are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.

B. A and R both are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.

C. A is true but R is false.

D. A is false but R is true.

Solution

Question 8

A. A and R both are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.

B. A and R both are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.

C. A is true but R is false.

D. A is false but R is true.

Solution

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A. H₂(g) + Cl2 (g) → 2HCl (g)

B. Dissolution of NH₄Cl in water

C. H₂ → 2H

D. 2NaHCO₃ (s) → Na₂CO₃ + CO₂ + H₂O