p-Block Elements Test - 19

The element M in the complex ion MF₆^3-  has a coordination number of six. Since B has only s- and p-orbitals and no d – orbitals, therefore, at the maximum it can show a coordination number of 4. Thus, B cannot form a complex of the type MF₆^3-.

B < Al < Ga The trend in ionization enthalpy is because there is decrease in Ionisation enthalpy from B to Al due to increase in size and from Al to Ga. Ga has more ionisation energy than Al due to uneffective screening effect.

Al because  in reactivity series it is above Cu and hence it can displace it in electrolysis.

The acidic character of oxides of group 13 decreases down the group because the non-metallic character of elements decreases down the group and the metallic character increases.​
And we know that oxides of metals are basic in nature and oxides of non-metals are acidic in nature.

Thus, the acidic character of oxides of group 13 decreases down the group.
Example:

• Boron (1st element of group 13) is non-metal, so its oxide is acidic.
• Aluminum (2nd element of group 13) shows characteristics of both metal and non-metal, so its oxide shows amphoteric nature.
• As we go down the group, indium and thalium (4th and 5th element of group 13) show metallic properties, so their oxides are basic.

Galium can occur in liquid state if the room is above 29.76C which is its melting point. So,option d is correct

The atomic radius of the Ga is less than Al because of poor screening effect. The atomic radius of Ga is slightly lesser than of Al because in going from Al to Ga, the electrons have already occupied 3d sub shell in Ga

Group-13 Elements. Group-13 elements belong to the first group of p-block elements and include Boron (B), Aluminium (Al), Gallium (Ga), Indium (In) and Thallium (Tl). Boron is the only metalloid in the group while the rest of the elements are metals. Gallium is liquid at temperatures over 30^oC.

 The oxygen-oxygen bond length in ozone is identical with of molecular oxygen
The bond length in ozone is intermediate between those of single O-O and double O=O bonds.The bond angle is O3 is 117∘ with O-O distance 127.8pm.
 

• The oxidation state of an element is related to the number of electrons that an atom loses, gains, or appears to use when joining with another atom in compounds. 
• It also determines the ability of an atom to oxidize (to lose electrons) or to reduce (to gain electrons) other atoms or species.
• They should release the total valence electrons to attain stability, so the maximum possible oxidation state is the number of valence electrons.

From top to bottom in a group size of a element increase as a result interatomic strength decrease from top to bottom.Due to this factor Boron is hardest element of group 13.