KVPY SB/SX Mock Test - 2

log₂log₂log₂log₂log₂(n) < 0 < log₂log₂log₂log₂(n)

16 < n < 2¹⁶

Number of digits in the binary expression of 16 is 5 and number of digits in the binary expression of 216 is 17.

So, the number of digits in the binary expression of n lies in the range of 5 to 16.

The potential energy due to gravity (mgh) is much lesser than thermal energy (kT) of particles. The force working on particles f = mg is negligible with respect to forces due to collisions. So, density of air remains nearly unchanged.

Isoelectronic species are those species that have the same number of electrons.
CO has 6 + 8 = 14 electrons
CN^- has 6 + 7 + 1 = 14 electrons
Thus, both CO and CN^- are isoelectronic species.

The π-acid ligand donates electron density into a metal d-orbital from a π-symmetry bonding orbital between the carbon atoms. Out of the given, CN^- accepts electrons from metal ion in its vacant π-ABMO.

Friedel-Crafts Acylation is an organic reaction which is used to convert an aryl compound and an acyl halide or anhydride to an aryl ketone by using a Lewis acid catalyst (such as AlCl₃).

As the temperature increases, the molecules move faster and, therefore, collide more frequently. The molecules also carry more kinetic energy. Thus, the proportion of collisions that can overcome the activation energy for the reaction increases with temperature.

The extraction of silver from the ore-argentite (Ag₂S) is known as cyanide process. In this process, the ore is crushed, concentrated and treated with sodium cyanide (X) solution. This reaction forms sodium argento cyanide Na[Ag(CN)₂].

Ag₂S + 4NaCN ⇌ 2Na[Ag(CN)₂] + Na₂S

The solution of sodium argento cyanide combines with zinc dust (Y) and forms sodium tetra cyanozicate and precipitated silver.

Zn + 2Na[Ag(CN)₂] → Na₂[Zn(CN)₄] + 2Ag

Myoglobin is an iron and oxygen binding protein found in the muscle tissue of vertebrates and in almost all mammals.

Centromere is the region of a chromosome to which the microtubules of the spindle attach, via the kinetochore, during cell division.

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, also called ELISA, is a test that detects and measures antibodies in blood. This test can be used to determine if one has antibodies related to a certain infectious condition.

The thymus is a specialised primary lymphoid organ of the immune system. Within the thymus, T-cells or T-lymphocytes mature. T-cells are critical to the adaptive immune system, where the body adapts specifically to foreign invaders.

IgM antibodies are the best because they have more antigen-binding sites. They can achieve binding of two adjacent antigens by single IgM molecule. Hence, complement activation will be maximum in this case.

Uricotelic organisms (terrestrial arthropods (including insects), lizards, snakes, and birds) excrete uric acid. Excretion of uric acid requires very less water.

The citric acid cycle, also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle, is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to release stored energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). It occurs in the mitochondria. The NADH and FADH₂ produced during TCA cycle are oxidised in ETC and energy is released.

In Dengue fever, the number of platelets are highly reduced. Platelet count below 20,000 has higher chances of developing bleeding complication as seen in Dengue haemorrhagic fever.

The first recorded experimental work related to decompression was conducted by Robert Boyle, who subjected experimental animals to reduced ambient pressure by use of a primitive vacuum pump. This led to the formation of gas bubbles in the tissues of the snake.

Urea is included in the animal diet as it helps in the growth of microbiota in the gut. These microbiota help in the breakdown of cellulose.

Muscle cramps occur due to formation of lactic acid. Under the anaerobic conditions in the muscles (during rigorous exercise), pyruvate is converted into lactic acid in the cytoplasm.

In DNA and RNA, the phosphodiester bond is the linkage between the 3' carbon atom of one sugar molecule and the 5' carbon atom of another, deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA. Hence, restriction endonucleases break down this bond present in nucleic acids.

At a high altitude, the atmospheric pressure is lower than the sea level pressure. Hence, the partial pressure of oxygen is less than that of carbon dioxide. Therefore, a person feels difficulty in breathing at higher altitude.

According to the triplet code, 1 amino acid is coded by a set of three bases called codon.
So, 100 amino acids will be coded by 100 codons having 300 bases.

According to the given condition, if 1 amino acid is coded by 4 bases which form one codon, then 100 amino acids will be coded by 100 codons having 400 bases.

Hence, the gene size will increase by 25% as per the calculation: (400 - 300)/400 X 100 = 25%

Water is unique because its oxygen atom has two lone pairs and two hydrogen atoms, meaning that the total number of bonds of a water molecule is up to four.

Apoptosis is a process of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms. Biochemical events lead to characteristic cell changes (morphology) and death.

Nucleolus is the principal site for the formation of ribosomal RNAs. Nucleolus is the centre for the formation of ribosomes.

Schizosaccharomyces pombe, also called "fission yeast", is a species of yeast used in traditional brewing and as a model organism in molecular and cell biology. It is a unicellular eukaryote, whose cells are rod-shaped.

Morphogenetic movements occur during gastrulation and serve not only to generate shape but also to ensure that cells receive the right signals at the right time.

The hair, called cilia, moves back and forth to help move particles out of our body.

Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half and produces four gamete cells. In meiosis, DNA replication is followed by two rounds of cell division to produce four daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes.

If plenty of carbohydrates are consumed, body converts the extra protein to fatty acids and stores them in the adipose tissue.

Too much sodium in the system causes the body to retain (hold onto) water. This puts an extra burden on the heart and blood vessels. In some people, this may lead to or raise high blood pressure.

Bacteriophage is a virus that can kill bacteria. Cholera is caused by the bacteria called Vibrio cholerae.

As two alleles are co-dominant and one recessive, the recessive allele will show a corresponding dominant allele. Hence, a cross between the parental generation will be: ABC X aBC.

This will result in F1 generation: AaBBCC
On selfing: AaBBCC X AaBBCC

The gametes formed will be: ABC and aBC from one parent. And similarly, from the other parent, it will be: ABC and aBC
On preparing a Punnett cross, the phenotype will be: 1AABBCC : 2AaBBCC : 1aaBBCC

The eggs of hole-nesting birds are generally white or pale blue so that the parent birds can easily locate them and avoid breaking them. Egg camouflage is less important because the egg is usually well hidden within the nest. Birds that lay their eggs in the open and on the ground rely on their eggs being very well camouflaged, and so usually have brown or speckled eggs.

All the plants will have the same genetic makeup as crossing over introduces variation.

Different samples drawn from that same population would in general have different values of the sample mean, so there is a distribution of sampled means (with its own mean and variance).

As the sample size increases, the sample means cluster more closely around the population mean and the standard error decreases.

Watson-Crick structure of DNA.

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a double-stranded, helical molecule. It consists of two sugar-phosphate backbones on the outside that are held together by hydrogen bonds between pairs of nitrogenous bases on the inside. B-form of DNA has a spiral length of 34 angstrom and a diameter of 20 angstrom.