Human Physiology Test

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Human Physiology Test - 9

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

A 43-year-old lady has some facial weakness, a poor cough and weakness of the arms and legs with no reflexes and a loss of feeling to light touch and pin-prick to the wrist and ankle. She must be suffering from

A
motor neurone disease

B
Guillain Barre syndrome

C
spinal cord compression

D
myasthenia gravis

E
Campylobacter jejuni

Solution

Guillain Barre syndrome show evidence of slowing of nerve conduction as the condition is an acute demyelinating inflammatory neuropathy affecting all peripheral nerves as well as some of the cranial nerves.
Question 2
1 / -0

Which of the following sensory pathways carries light touch and proprioception?

A
Medial lemniscus

B
Lateral lemniscus

C
Spinothalamic tract

D
Chorda tympani

E
Corticospinal tract

Solution

The medial lemniscus is a pathway in the brainstem that carries sensory proprioceptive or touch information from the gracile and cuneate nuclei to the thalamus.
Question 3
1 / -0

Damage to which structure may cause a deficit in memory?

A
Basal nucleus of Meynert

B
Substantia nigra

C
Mammillary bodies

D
Subthalamic nucleus

E
Right posterior parietal cortex

Solution

Damage to the right posterior parietal cortex can produce a variety of sensorimotor deficits encompassing deficits in the perception and memory of spatial relationships, in accurate reaching and grasping, in the control of eye movement and in attention.
Question 4
1 / -0

Which of the following statements regarding the development of the nervous system in humans is not true?

A
The neural crest gives rise to the dorsal root ganglia.

B
The nervous system develops with the formation of the neural plate.

C
The folding of the neural tube forms the mature central nervous system (CNS).

D
The CSF is formed continuously by the choroid plexus.

E
Neurogenesis stops after complete fetus development.

Solution

Neurogenesis continues throughout life at certain sites in the adult brain.
Question 5
1 / -0

What is Enteric nervous system?

A
It is a complicated assimilate network of neurons in the wall of the gut.

B
It is controlled by the CNS

C
It is made up of Meissner's and Auerbach's plexuses.

D
It regulates the local activity of the gut.

E
The enteric nervous system develops from neural crest.

Solution

The enteric nervous system gets inputs from the parasympathetic and sympathetic parts of the ANS and the gastrointestinal tract also receives a plentiful supply of afferent nerve fibre via vagus nerves and spinal afferent pathways.
Question 6
1 / -0

Which of the following does not characterise the blood supply of the central nervous system?

A
The vertebrobasilar system which constitutes the anterior circulation.

B
At the core of the brain, the arteries form the circle of Willis.

C
Abnormalities of blood flow in the carotid arteries frequently leads to the problems in the cerebral hemisphere .

D
Abnormalities of blood flow in the vertebral arteries frequently leads to the defects in brainstem, cerebellum and posterior parts of the brain.

E
Thrombus and emboli are the chief causes of blood flow obstructions in the brain.

Solution

It is the incorrect statement. The carotid arteries form the anterior circulation to the brain, whereas the vertebral arteries merge to become the basilar artery (so called vertebrobasilar system), which constitutes the posterior circulation.
Question 7
1 / -0

Select the incorrect statement regarding the spinal cord.

A
Sensory information on pain and temperature is delivered by the spinothalamic system .

B
Sensory information is transmitted up the dorsal column system.

C
The corticospinal tract is mainly implicated with regular distal motor control.

D
The cervical spinal cord stimulates the arms.

E
The spinal cord is highly organized with decending sensory pathways.

Solution

The spinal cord is highly organised with ascending sensory pathways, descending motor tracts, motor neurones that strengthen, muscles and interneurones that commands both sensory and motor information.
Question 8
1 / -0

Which of the following statements regarding nerve conduction and synaptic integration is incorrect?

A
The synaptic inputs are then associated with the postsynaptic cell.

B
The action potential on entering the synapse causes the release of neurotransmitters.

C
The binding of neurotransmitters with the pre and post synaptic membranes cause the change in membrane potential.

D
In myelinated neurons, the action potential acts at node of Ranvier .

E
Neurotransmitters gets activated at the synaptic junction.

Solution

Neurotransmitters gets inactivated at the synaptic junction by enzymatic degradation or selective uptake mechanisms.
Question 9
1 / -0

Which of the following thalamic nuclei is most associated with the visual system?

A
LGN nucleus

B
MGN nucleus

C
VAN nucleus

D
MD nucleus

E
VPL nucleus

Solution

MGN stands for the medial geniculate nucleus. It is a vital part of the auditory thalamus and represents the thalamic communication between the inferior colliculus and the auditory cortex.
Question 10
1 / -0

Which of the following types of cancer is caused by chromosome translocations involving the Myc gene?

A
Burkitt lymphoma

B
Multiple endocrine neoplasia

C
Neurofibromatosis

D
Retinoblastoma

E
Tuberous sclerosis

Solution

Burkitt lymphoma results from chromosome translocations involving the Myc gene. The classic chromosome translocation in Burkitt lymophoma involves chromosome 8, the site of the Myc gene.
Question 11
1 / -0

Deletions of HBA1 and HBA2 genes pretend to govern most cases of

A
sickle cell anemia

B
hemophilia A

C
thalassemia

D
porphyria

E
chronic myeloid leukemia

Solution

Thalassemia is an inherited disease of faulty synthesis of hemoglobin. It is a barely detectable abnormality of blood, to severe or fatal anemia deletions of HBA1 and HBA2 genes pretend to govern most cases of the thalassemia.
Question 12
1 / -0

Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding the regulation of calcium and phosphate?

A
Parathyroid hormone stimulates osteoblasts.

B
Vitamin D increases calcium absorption from the gut .

C
Parathyroid hormone promotes phosphate excretion.

D
Parathyroid hormone is released when there is fall in ionised calcium in the blood.

E
Parathyroid hormone decelerates vitamin D production in the kidney.

Solution

Parathyroid hormone promotes vitamin D production in the kidney.
Question 13
1 / -0

Which among the following does not characterise metabolic acidosis?

A
In metabolic acidosis, pH is low.

B
The anion gap is the calculated difference between the measured cations and the measured anions .

C
An increased anion gap metabolic acidosis indicates the accumulation ketoacids or lactic acid.

D
To maintain electroneutrality , the level of cations must be decreased.

E
A normal anion gap metabolic acidosis indicates loss of bicarbonate.

Solution

As electroneutrality is always maintained, the level of cations such as potassium and sodium ions must be increased, resulting in a raised anion gap.
Question 14
1 / -0

Aditi is a patient with substantial plasma hyperphosphatemia. Which of the following may not be true in her case?

A
The most likely cause is renal impairment.

B
Reduction of dietary intake of phosphate may be helpful in renal failure condition.

C
Soft tissue calcification may occur.

D
Cell lysis is a possible cause.

E
Dialysis cannot remove phosphate and is of no benefit.

Solution

In renal failure dialysis does remove phosphate. Thus, it is highly recommended.
Question 15
1 / -0

Which of the following can cause of hypercalcemia in an individual?

A
Primary hyperparathryoidism

B
Secondary hyperparathyroidism

C
Hypovitaminosis of vitamin D

D
Chovstek's syndrome

E
Acute pancreatitis

Solution

Excess parathyroid hormone raises plasma calcium levels. In primary hyper parathyroidism there is a primary increase in parathyroid hormone and so a rise in plasma calcium.

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Human Physiology Test - 9

Result

Human Physiology Test - 9

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Rank

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

motor neurone disease

Guillain Barre syndrome

spinal cord compression

myasthenia gravis

Campylobacter jejuni

Solution

Question 2

Medial lemniscus

Lateral lemniscus

Spinothalamic tract

Chorda tympani

Corticospinal tract

Solution

Question 3

Basal nucleus of Meynert

Substantia nigra

Mammillary bodies

Subthalamic nucleus

Right posterior parietal cortex

Solution

Question 4

The neural crest gives rise to the dorsal root ganglia.

The nervous system develops with the formation of the neural plate.

The folding of the neural tube forms the mature central nervous system (CNS).

The CSF is formed continuously by the choroid plexus.

Neurogenesis stops after complete fetus development.

Solution

Question 5

It is a complicated assimilate network of neurons in the wall of the gut.

It is controlled by the CNS

It is made up of Meissner's and Auerbach's plexuses.

It regulates the local activity of the gut.

The enteric nervous system develops from neural crest.

Solution

Question 6

The vertebrobasilar system which constitutes the anterior circulation.

At the core of the brain, the arteries form the circle of Willis.

Abnormalities of blood flow in the carotid arteries frequently leads to the problems in the cerebral hemisphere .

Abnormalities of blood flow in the vertebral arteries frequently leads to the defects in brainstem, cerebellum and posterior parts of the brain.

Thrombus and emboli are the chief causes of blood flow obstructions in the brain.

Solution

Question 7

Sensory information on pain and temperature is delivered by the spinothalamic system .

Sensory information is transmitted up the dorsal column system.

The corticospinal tract is mainly implicated with regular distal motor control.

The cervical spinal cord stimulates the arms.

The spinal cord is highly organized with decending sensory pathways.

Solution

Question 8

The synaptic inputs are then associated with the postsynaptic cell.

The action potential on entering the synapse causes the release of neurotransmitters.

The binding of neurotransmitters with the pre and post synaptic membranes cause the change in membrane potential.

In myelinated neurons, the action potential acts at node of Ranvier .

Neurotransmitters gets activated at the synaptic junction.

Solution

Question 9

LGN nucleus

MGN nucleus

VAN nucleus

MD nucleus

VPL nucleus

Solution

Question 10

Burkitt lymphoma

Multiple endocrine neoplasia

Neurofibromatosis

Retinoblastoma

Tuberous sclerosis

Solution

Question 11

sickle cell anemia