Ecology And Environment Test - 1

The physical components of environment are soil, water, air, light and pressure. These are called abiotic components of the environment.

The biotic components of an environment are the plants, animals (including humans) and microbes. Microscopic organisms, commonly known as microorganisms or microbes, are found all around us and even inside our bodies. The category 'Microbes' includes a massive range of organisms including bacteria, fungi, viruses, algae, archaea and protozoa.

Biotic components, or biotic factors, can be described as any living component that affects another organism or shapes the ecosystem.

In ecology, a habitat is the type of natural environment in which a particular species of organism lives. It is characterized by both physical and biological features. A species' habitat is those places where it can find food, shelter, protection and mates for reproduction.

The entire world is divided into 4 categories. They are the atmosphere, the lithosphere, the hydrosphere and the biosphere.

A hydrosphere is the total amount of water on a planet. A planet's hydrosphere can be liquid, vapor, or ice. On Earth, liquid water exists on the surface in the form of oceans, lakes and rivers.

The biosphere also known as the ecosphere, is the worldwide sum of all ecosystems.

Earth's lithosphere includes the crust and the uppermost mantle, which constitute the hard and rigid outer layer of the Earth.

The atmosphere of Earth is the layer of gases, commonly known as air, that surrounds the planet Earth and is retained by Earth's gravity.

The biosphere consists of three habitats. They are aquatic habitat, terrestrial habitat and aerial habitat.

In biology, an adaptation (also called an adaptive trait) is a trait with a current functional role in the life of an organism that is maintained and evolved by means of natural selection. Adaptation refers to both the current state of being adapted and to the dynamic evolutionary process that leads to the adaptation.

A xerophyte is a species of plant that has adaptations to survive in an environment with little liquid water, such as a desert or an ice- or snow-covered region in the Alps or the Arctic. Popular examples of xerophytes are cacti, pineapple and some Gymnosperm plants.The structural features (morphology) and fundamental chemical processes (physiology) of xerophytes are variously adapted to conserve water, also common to store large quantities of water, during dry periods.

Two examples of mesophyte plants with well developed root and root hair are mango and peepal.

Bipedal (two-footed) mode of locomotion is seen in kangaroo.

A laterally compressed (flattened, side-to-side) body shape is common in fishes. This reduces friction with water and helps in easy locomotion. Flat-shaped fish can take advantage of pressure drag by having a flat bottom surface and curved top surface. The pressure drag created allows for the upward lift of the fish.

Volant adaptation refers to adaptations in those having a flying mode of life.

In order to live successfully in a particular habitat, plants and animals have special structures called adaptive characters.