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Ecology And Environment Test - 3

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Ecology And Environment Test - 3
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  • Question 1
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    The physical components of environment are soil, water, air, light and pressure. These are called ____ components of environment.
    Solution
    Abiotic components are the physical and/or the chemical factors that act on the living organisms at any part of their life. These are also called ecological factors. Abiotic factors can include water, light, radiation, temperature, humidity, atmosphere, acidity, and soil.
  • Question 2
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    The biotic components of an environment are the plants, animals (including humans) and ____.
    Solution
    The biotic components of an environment are the plants, animals (including humans) and microbes. Microscopic organisms, commonly known as microorganisms or microbes, are found all around us and even inside our bodies. The category 'Microbes' includes a massive range of organisms including bacteria, fungi, viruses, algae, archaea and protozoa.

    Biotic components, or biotic factors, can be described as any living component that affects another organism or shapes the ecosystem.
  • Question 3
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    ________ is the special environment of an organism in which it lives and grows.
    Solution
    In ecology, a habitat is the type of natural environment in which a particular species of organism lives. It is characterised by both physical and biological features. A species' habitat is those places where it can find food, shelter, protection and mates for reproduction.
  • Question 4
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    The entire world is divided into four categories. They are the atmosphere, the lithosphere, ________ and the biosphere.
    Solution
    The entire world is divided into four categories. They are the atmosphere, the lithosphere, the hydrosphere and the biosphere.
    A hydrosphere is the total amount of water on a planet. A planet's hydrosphere can be liquid, vapour, or ice. On Earth, liquid water exists on the surface in the form of oceans, lakes and rivers.
    The biosphere, also known as the ecosphere, is the worldwide sum of all ecosystems.
    Earth's lithosphere includes the crust and the uppermost mantle which constitute the hard and rigid outer layer of the Earth.
    The atmosphere of Earth is the layer of gases, commonly known as air, that surrounds the planet Earth and is retained by Earth's gravity.
  • Question 5
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    The biosphere consists of three habitats. They are aquatic habitat, terrestrial habitat and ______.
    Solution
    The biosphere consists of three habitats. They are aquatic habitat, terrestrial habitat and aerial habitat.
  • Question 6
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    _______ is the characteristic of living things which they develop over a period of time to survive and reproduce within the limits of a particular habitat.
    Solution
    In biology, an adaptation (also called an adaptive trait) is a trait with a current functional role in the life of an organism that is maintained and evolved by means of natural selection. Adaptation refers to both the current state of being adapted and the dynamic evolutionary process that leads to the adaptation.
  • Question 7
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    The plants that encounter difficulty in acquiring water are called
    Solution
    A xerophyte is a species of plant that has adaptations to survive in an environment with little liquid water, such as a desert or an ice-or snow-covered region in the Alps or the Arctic. Popular examples of xerophytes are cacti, pineapple and some gymnosperm plants. The structural features (morphology) and fundamental chemical processes (physiology) of xerophytes are variously adapted to conserve water, also common to store large quantities of water, during dry periods.
  • Question 8
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    Two examples of mesophyte plants with well developed root and root hair are:
    Solution
    Plants which require moderate amount of water are known as mesophytic plants. The soil in which they grow is neither very wet nor dry. Two examples of mesophyte plants with well developed root and root hair are mango and peepal.
  • Question 9
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    Bipedal (two-footed) mode of locomotion develops in ______.
    Solution
    Bipedal (two-footed) mode of locomotion is seen in kangaroo.
  • Question 10
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    Body of most aquatic animals is compressed laterally to reduce
    Solution
    Body of most aquatic animals is compressed laterally to reduce is friction. A laterally compressed (flattened, side-to-side) body shape is common in fishes. This reduces friction with water and helps in easy locomotion. Flat-shaped fish can take advantage of pressure drag by having a flat bottom surface and curved top surface. The pressure drag created allows for the upward lift of the fish.
  • Question 11
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    The other name for aerial adaptation is ____.
    Solution
    Volant adaptation refers to adaptations in those having a flying mode of life.
  • Question 12
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    In order to live successfully in a particular habitat, plants and animals have special structures called ______.
    Solution
    In order to live successfully in a particular habitat, plants and animals have special structures called adaptive characters.
  • Question 13
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    The earth is divided into biomes based on the differences in
    Solution
    Climatic conditions determine the formation of different biomes on the earth. Climate is the main factor in determining which plants can grow in a certain area, which in turn defines the biome. Temperature and precipitation are the two most important factors that determine a region's climate. Biomes are divided into five basic types: aquatic, forest, desert, tundra, and grassland. These five types of biomes can be further divided by differences in seasons or animal and plant species.
  • Question 14
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    The depth of water and the amount of dissolved salts in the water classify the _________ ecosystem.
    Solution
    The depth of water and the amount of dissolved salts in the water classify the aquatic ecosystem. Different zones defined by depth and distance from shore are: Littoral zone, limnetic zone, profundal zone and benthic zone.
  • Question 15
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    The plants which live in water are called aquatic plants or ______.
    Solution
    Hydrophytes are the plants which live in water.
  • Question 16
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    Pick out two human activities from among the following, which affect the habitat adversely.
    Solution
    Floods and deforestation are two human activities which affect the habitat adversely.
    The primary effects of flooding include loss of life and damage to buildings and other structures, including bridges, sewerage systems, roadways, and canals. Floods also frequently damage power transmission and sometimes power generation, which then has knock-on effects caused by the loss of power.
    Deforestation, clearance, clearcutting or clearing is the removal of a forest or stand of trees from land which is then converted to a non-forest use.
  • Question 17
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    _______ is the life supporting zone of earth where atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere meet and make life possible.
    Solution
    Biosphere is the life supporting zone of earth where atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere meet and make life possible. The biosphere, also known as the ecosphere is the worldwide sum of all ecosystems. It can also be termed the zone of life on Earth, a closed system (apart from solar and cosmic radiation and heat from the interior of the Earth), and largely self-regulating.
  • Question 18
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    A constant interaction between living and non-living components of the biosphere results in the transfer of food and
    Solution
    A constant interaction between living and non-living components of the biosphere results in the transfer of food and energy. Energy flow is the amount of energy that moves through a food chain. The energy input, or energy that enters the ecosystem, is measured in Joules or calories. Accordingly, the energy flow is also called calorific flow. Energy enters the ecosystem from the Sun and exits after the organisms have taken as much as they need. Organisms release energy back into the biosphere as heat. Energy also enters the ecosystem from the interior of the Earth.
  • Question 19
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    Producers are present at the base of the ecosystem. The energy captured by them is stored as
    Solution
    Solar energy is the main source of energy on Earth. At the base of an ecosystem, primary producers actively convert solar energy into stored chemical energy.
  • Question 20
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    _____ are the green plants. They convert the solar energy into chemical energy during the process called photosynthesis.
    Solution
    Green plants are known as producers which carry out photosynthesis. They are called producers because they can make their own food out of water and carbon dioxide in the presence of sunlight.

  • Question 21
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    The decomposers are also called ______ or reducers.
    Solution
    The decomposers are generally bacteria. These are also called as reducers or micro consumers.
  • Question 22
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    The disintegrating dead organic matter is called _______.
    Solution
    Detritus is dead particulate organic material. It typically includes the bodies or fragments of dead organisms as well as fecal material. In terrestrial ecosystems it is present as leaf litter and other organic matter that is intermixed with soil, which is denominated "soil organic matter".
  • Question 23
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    A ______ shows the process of food transfer taking place from the plants through a series of organisms.
    Solution
    A food chain shows the process of food transfer taking place from the plants through a series of organisms. A food chain is a linear network of links in a food web starting from producer organisms (such as grass or trees which use radiation from the sun to make their food) and ending at apex predator species (like grizzly bears or killer whales).
  • Question 24
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    The different steps or levels in a food chain are called ______.
    Solution
    The trophic level of an organism is the position it occupies in a food chain. A food chain is a succession of organisms that eat other organisms and may, in turn, be eaten themselves. The trophic level of an organism is the number of steps it is from the start of the chain.

  • Question 25
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    The cyclic flow of nutrients between non-living environment and living organisms is called
    Solution
    The cyclic flow of nutrients between non-living environment and living organisms is called biogeochemical cycle. Nutrient cycles are inclusive of both living and non-living components and involve biological, geological and chemical processes. For this reason, these nutrient circuits are known as biogeochemical cycles. Biogeochemical cycles can be categorised into two main types, global cycles and local cycles.
  • Question 26
    1 / -0
    Some microorganisms convert ammonia into nitrates. This process is called ______.
    Solution
    Nitrification is the biological oxidation of ammonia or ammonium to nitrite followed by the oxidation of the nitrite to nitrate.
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