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Peasants and Farmers Test - 1

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Peasants and Farmers Test - 1
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Weekly Quiz Competition
  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    During whose tenure had white settlers moved to westward in large numbers?
    Solution
    Thomas Jefferson was an American statesman, diplomat, lawyer, architect, philosopher, and Founding Father who served as the third president of the United States from 1801 to 1809. By the time Thomas Jefferson became the President of the USA in 1800, over 70,000 white settlers had moved on to Appalachian Plateau through the passes. Thomas Jefferson began to push toward expansion, beliveing it would be a smart economic move. He wished for Native Americans to be moved off their land in order for white settlers to begin expanding west.
  • Question 2
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    England, in 1868, was producing about 80 percent of the food it consumed. Which of the following was not a reason for this increase in food-grain production?
    Solution
    Before 1780s, rapid population growth was usually followed by a period of food shortages in England. But after that, the food production matched with population growth. In 1868, England was producing about 80% of the food it consumed and the rest was imported. This growth in food-grain production could be possible because of bringing new lands under cultivation. Pasturelands, open fields, forest commons, marshes, etc. were taken over by landlords and turned into agricultural fields.
  • Question 3
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    Why did landlords and rich farmers start buying threshing machines during the Napoleonic wars?
    Solution
    During the Napoleonic wars, the prices of foodgrains were high, and farmers expanded production vigorously. Fearing a shortage of labour, they began buying threshing machines. They complained insolence of labourers, their drinking habits, and the difficulty of making them work. The machines, they thought, would help them reduce their dependence on labourers.
  • Question 4
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    Which of the following were the major commercial crops grown by the Indian farmers in the early 19th century under the colonial rule?
    Solution
    In the colonial period, rural India also came to produce a range of crops for the world market. In the early nineteenth century, indigo and opium were two of the major commercial crops. By the end of the century, peasants were producing sugarcane, cotton, jute, wheat and several other.
  • Question 5
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    In which of the following ways did the enclosure movement start by the rich farmers affect the lives of poor peasants?
    Solution
    The poor peasants were deprived of the common land. When a land became enclosed, it became the exclusive property of one landowner. The poor could no longer collect their firewood from the forests, or graze their cattle on the commons. They could not collect apples and berries, or hunt small animals for meat. Everything belonged to the landlords and the poor had to pay the price for everything they availed. In many places, the poor were displaced from their land. Therefore, they tramped in search of work. Earlier, it was common for labourers to live with their landowners. They ate at the master's table, and helped their master through the year, by doing a variety of odd jobs. By 1800, this practice began to disappear. Labourers were being paid wages and employed only during—the harvest time.
  • Question 6
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    Which of the following native American tribes lived near the Pacific ocean?
    Solution
    The Bannock people were originally Northern Paiute but were more culturally affiliated with the Northern Shoshone. They were in the Great Basin classification of Indigenous People. Their traditional lands included northern Nevada, southeastern Oregon, southern Idaho, and western Wyoming. Bannock tribe lived near the Pacific ocean. Choctaw tribe lived near the Atlantic ocean. Creek, a native American tribe, lived near the Atlantic ocean.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Which of the following statements is/are correct?

    a. The American War of Independence was from the year 1775 to the year 1783.
    b. Thomas Jefferson became the President of the U.S.A. in the year 1801.
    Solution
    The American Revolution—also called the U.S. War of Independence—was the insurrection fought between 1775 and 1783 through which 13 of Great Britain's North American colonies threw off British rule to establish the sovereign United States of America, founded with the Declaration of Independence in 1776.
    Thomas Jefferson was an American statesman, diplomat, lawyer, architect, philosopher, and Founding Father who served as the third president of the United States from 1801 to 1809.
  • Question 8
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    From the late nineteenth century, the production of which of the following crops made a dramatic expansion in the USA?
    Solution
    From the late nineteenth century, there was a dramatic expansion of wheat production in the USA. The urban population in the USA was growing and the export market was becoming ever bigger. As the demand for wheat increased, wheat prices rose, encouraging the farmers to grow wheat. The spread of the railways made it easier to transport the grain from wheat-growing regions to the eastern coast for export. During the First World War, when Russian supplies of wheat was cut off and the USA had to feed Europe, US President Wilson called upon the farmers to respond to the need of the time.
  • Question 9
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    Which of the following battles established British supremacy in India?
    Solution
    The Battle of Plassey (Palasi) is an important landmark in the history of India. On 23 June 1757, the armies of Siraj-ud-Daulah and the English East India Company met at Murshidabad the then capital of undivided Bengal. British forces were led by Robert Clive and Mir Zafar, commander in chief of Nawab Siraj-ud-Daulah's army. Mir Zafar betrayed the Nawab and remained inactive. As a consequence, Siraj-ud-Daulah lost the battle, was captured and later killed.
  • Question 10
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    Who invented the first mechanical reaper in 1831?
    Solution
    The elder McCormick had invented several practical farm implements but, like other inventors in the United States and England, had failed in his attempt to build a successful reaping machine. In 1831 Cyrus, aged 22, tried his hand at building a reaper.
  • Question 11
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    Which of the following is correct about the enclosure movement in the late eighteenth century?
    Solution
    The Enclosure Movement was a push in the 18th and 19th centuries to take land that had formerly been owned in common by all members of a village, or at least available to the public for grazing animals and growing food, and change it to privately owned land, usually with walls, fences or hedges around it. Enclosure movement brought more land under cultivation, which led to agrarian revolution. It facilitated modern method of farming and also led to improved crop production, such as the rotation of crops. The enclosure movement resulted in exodus of large number of people from farming as they became landless.
  • Question 12
    1 / -0
    Which of the following created the grounds for the Great Agrarian Depression of the 1930s?

    a. Fall in wheat prices
    b. Closure of banks
    c. Rise in cost of farm machinery
    d. Collapse of export markets
    Solution
    Mechanisation had reduced the need for labour. Production had expanded so rapidly during the war and post-war years that that there was a large surplus. Unsold stocks piled up, storehouses overflowed with grain, and vast amounts of corn and wheat were turned into animal feed. Wheat prices fell and export markets collapsed. This created the grounds for the Great Agrarian Depression of the 1930s that ruined wheat farmers everywhere.
  • Question 13
    1 / -0
    Which of the following statements is/are correct?

    a. Lin Ze-xu was a special commissioner to Canton sent by the Chinese king to stop the opium trade.
    b. Britain declared war in 1842 when Lin announced that Canton was closed to foreign trade.
    c. China lost the opium wars and had to legalise opium trade in China.
    Solution
    Lin Zexu, courtesy name Yuanfu, was a Chinese head of states, Governor General, scholar-official under Emperor of the Qing dynasty best known for his role in the First Opium War of 1839–42.
    The first Opium War (1839–42) was fought between China and Britain, and the second Opium War (1856–60), also known as the Arrow War or the Anglo-French War in China, was fought by Britain and France against China. In each case the foreign powers were victorious and gained commercial privileges and legal and territorial concessions in China and thus had to legalise opium trade in China.
  • Question 14
    1 / -0
    What was Captain Swing responsible for during the 1830s?
    Solution
    "Captain Swing" was the name appended to several threatening letters during the rural English Swing Riots of 1830, when labourers rioted over the introduction of new threshing machines and the loss of their livelihoods. Captain Swing was described as a hard-working tenant farmer driven to destitution and despair by social and political change in the early 19th century. The first threshing machine was destroyed on Saturday night, 28 August 1830 and, by the third week of October, more than 100 threshing machines had been destroyed in East Kent. As well as attacking the popularly hated threshing machines, which displaced workers, the protesters rioted over low wages and required tithes, destroying workhouses and tithe barns associated with their oppression. They also burned ricks and maimed cows.
  • Question 15
    1 / -0
    Why were the farmers in many parts of England growing turnip?

    a. It increased the nitrogen content of the soil.
    b. It was in great demand by the peasants in the village markets.
    c. It was a good fodder crop, relished by cattle.
    Solution
    The European peasants had discovered that planting crops like clover and turnip improved the soil and made it more fertile. Turnip was a good fodder crop for cattle. These crops had the capacity to increase the nitrogen content of the soil. Nitrogen was important for crop growth. Cultivation of the same soil over a few years depleted the nitrogen in the soil and reduced its fertility. By restoring nitrogen, turnip and clover made the soil fertile once again
  • Question 16
    1 / -0
    Match the following:

    Column I Column II
    a. Bushel 1. English currency
    b. Shillings 2. Measure of weight
    c. Sod 3. Measure of capacity
    d. Maund 4. Piece of earth and grass
    Solution
    Match the following:

    Column I Column II
    a. Bushel 3. Measure of Capacity
    b. Shillings 1. English currency
    c. Sod 4. Piece of earth and grass
    d. Maund 2. Measure of weight

    A bushel is an imperial and US customary unit of volume based upon an earlier measure of dry capacity. The old bushel is equal to 2 kennings, 4 pecks or 8 dry gallons and was used mostly for agricultural products such as wheat.

    The shilling is a historical coin, and the name of a unit of modern currencies formerly used in Austria, and in the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand and other British Commonwealth countries.

    Sod or turf is grass and the part of the soil beneath it held together by its roots or another piece of thin material. In Australian and British English, such material is more usually known as turf, and the word "sod" is limited mainly to agricultural senses.

    The maund is the anglicized name for a traditional unit of mass used in British India, and also in Afghanistan, Persia and Arabia: the same unit in the Moghul Empire was sometimes written as mann or mun in English, while the equivalent unit in the Ottoman Empire and Central Asia was called the batman.
  • Question 17
    1 / -0
    Which of the following countries was known as the bread basket of the world in the 20th century?
    Solution
    From the late 19th century, there was a dramatic expansion of wheat production in the USA. The growing urban population and export market encouraged the farmers to produce more wheat. President Wilson encouraged the farmer by saying 'Plant more wheat, wheat will win the war.' In 1910, about 45 million acres of land in the USA was under wheat production, within 1919 it expanded to 74 million acres. The introduction of new technology helped farmers in the Great Plains to increase the production of wheat to meet the demand of world market. In this way, the USA became the bread basket of the world.
  • Question 18
    1 / -0
    Which of the following natural disasters occurred in the great plains of America in the 1930s?
    Solution
    The Dust Bowl was the name given to the drought-stricken Southern Plains region of the United States, which suffered severe dust storms during a dry period in the 1930s. As high winds and choking dust swept the region from Texas to Nebraska, people and livestock were killed and crops failed across the entire region. The Dust Bowl intensified the crushing economic impacts of the Great Depression and drove many farming families on a desperate migration in search of work and better living conditions.
  • Question 19
    1 / -0
    During the first world war, who among the following was the President of the United States, who said that wheat will win the war?
    Solution
    Thomas Woodrow Wilson was an American politician and academic who served as the 28th president of the United States from 1913 to 1921. A member of the Democratic Party, Wilson served as the president of Princeton University and as the 34th governor of New Jersey before winning the 1912 presidential election. From the late 19th century, there was a dramatic expansion of wheat production in USA. The growing urban population and export market encouraged the farmers to produce more wheat. President Wilson encouraged the farmer by saying 'Plant more wheat, wheat will win the war' as they also wanted to dominate the world market in agricultural produce.
  • Question 20
    1 / -0
    Between 1820-1850, in which area did the Native Americans settle down when the US government adopted the policy of clearing them out, so that the lands could be cultivated and exploited?
    Solution
    At the start of the twentieth century there were approximately 250,000 Native Americans in the USA – just 0.3 per cent of the population – most living on reservations where they exercised a limited degree of self-government. During the course of the nineteenth century they had been deprived of much of their land by forced removal westwards, by a succession of treaties (which were often not honoured by the white authorities) and by military defeat by the USA as it expanded its control over the American West. In this way the American Indians were cleared from the Appalachian plateau and moved westwards towards the Mississippi valley.
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