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Print Culture and the Modern World Test - 1

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Print Culture and the Modern World Test - 1
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Weekly Quiz Competition
  • Question 1
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    In which of the following countries was the earliest form of printing technology developed?
    Solution
    The earliest kind of print technology was developed in China, Japan and Korea. This was a system of hand printing. From AD 594 onwards, books in China were printed by rubbing paper – also invented there – against the inked surface of woodblocks. As both sides of the thin, porous sheet could not be printed, the traditional Chinese 'accordion book' was folded and stitched at the side. Superbly skilled craftsmen could duplicate, with remarkable accuracy, the beauty of calligraphy.
  • Question 2
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    The traditional 'Accordion Book' was folded and stitched at the sides. Where did this book originate?
    Solution
    'Accordion book' was the traditional book of China. It was folded and stitched at the side. This book was hand printed. From AD 594, books in China were printed by rubbing paper against the linked surface of woodblocks. The beauty of calligraphy was duplicated by skilled craftsmen.
  • Question 3
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    Which of the following books is the oldest Japanese book that was printed in 868 AD and contains six sheets of text and woodcut illustrations?
    Solution
    Hand-printing technology was introduced by Buddhist missionaries from China into Japan around AD 768-770. The Buddhist Diamond Sutra is the oldest Japanese book, printed in AD 868, containing six sheets of text and woodcut illustrations. Printing of visual material led to interesting publishing practices. In the late 19th century, illustrative collections of paintings depicted an elegant urban culture and libraries and bookstores were packed with hand-printed material of various types – books on women, musical instruments, etc.
  • Question 4
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    Which art form flourished in Japan in the late eighteenth century?
    Solution
    Japanese art covers a wide range of art styles and media, including ancient pottery, sculpture, ink painting and calligraphy on silk and paper, ukiyo-e paintings and woodblock prints, ceramics, origami, and more recently manga which is modern Japanese cartoons and comics along with a myriad of other types. It has a long history, ranging from the beginnings of human habitation in Japan, sometime in the 10th millennium BC, to the present-day country.
  • Question 5
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    Which of the following statements is/are correct about Johann Gutenberg?

    a. He was a master goldsmith.
    b. The first book he printed was the Bible.
    c. He printed 180 copies of the Bible in three years.
    Solution
    Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg was a German goldsmith, inventor, printer, and publisher who introduced printing to Europe with the introduction of mechanical movable type printing press. In 1455 Gutenberg completed his 42-line Bible, known as the Gutenberg Bible. About 180 copies were printed, most on paper and some on vellum.
  • Question 6
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    Who wrote 'Ninety-Five Theses' criticising many of the practices and rituals of the Roman Catholic Church and began the 'Protestant Revolution'?
    Solution
    Ninety-five Theses, propositions for debate concerned with the question of indulgences, written (in Latin) and possibly posted by Martin Luther on the door of the Schlosskirche (Castle Church), Wittenberg, on October 31, 1517. This event came to be considered the beginning of the Protestant Reformation.
  • Question 7
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    ______________ maintained an index of prohibited books.
    Solution
    The Roman Catholic Church had to face many dissents from mid-16th century onwards. People had written many books that interpreted the God and the creation in their own ways or as they liked. Therefore, the church banned such books and kept the record of such banned books. It was called the Index of Prohibited Books.
  • Question 8
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    Which of the following thinkers reinterpreted the message of the Bible and formulated a view of God and Creation that enraged the Roman Catholic Church and was ultimately executed at the time of the inquisition?

    Solution

    In the sixteenth century, Menochio, a miller in Italy, began to read books that were available in his locality. He reinterpreted the message of the Bible and formulated a view of God and Creation that enraged the Roman Catholic Church.

  • Question 9
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    Why did the Roman Catholic Court hold its inquisition?
    Solution
    The Inquisition, in historical ecclesiastical terminology also referred to as the "Holy Inquisition", was a group of institutions within the Catholic Church whose aim was to combat heresy. Torture and violence were used by Inquisition for eliciting confessions from heretics.
  • Question 10
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    Which of the following statements is correct about penny magazines in the nineteenth century?
    Solution
    Penny press newspapers were cheap, tabloid-style newspapers mass-produced in the United States from the 1830s onwards. Mass production of inexpensive newspapers became possible following the shift from hand-crafted to steam-powered printing. Famous for costing one cent while other newspapers cost around six cents, penny press papers were revolutionary in making the news accessible to middle class citizens for a reasonable price. Penny magazines were especially meant for women, as were manuals teaching proper behavior and housekeeping. Jane Austen, the Bronte sisters, George Eliot became important women writers in defining a new type of woman: a person with will, strength of personality, determination and the power to think.
  • Question 11
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    Which of the following statements are correct about the self-educated working class people of the mid nineteenth century?

    a. They were interested in self-improvement and self-expression.
    b. They wrote autobiographies and political tracts in large numbers.
    c. They read voraciously from books borrowed from lending libraries.
    Solution
    This is the correct answer as all the statements are correct. In the nineteenth century, lending libraries in England became instruments for educating white-collar workers, artisans and lower-middle-class people. Sometimes, self-educated working class people wrote for themselves. After the working day was gradually shortened from the mid-nineteenth century, workers had some time for self-improvement and self-expression. They wrote political tracts and autobiographies in large numbers.
  • Question 12
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    Which of the following statements about Grimm Brothers is incorrect?
    Solution
    Jacob Ludwig Karl Grimm and Wilhelm Carl Grimm, were German academics, philologists, cultural researchers, lexicographers and authors who together collected and published folklore during the 19th century. They were from Germany and published German rural folk tales.
  • Question 13
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    Which of the following steps did the publishers take to sustain buying during the Great Depression of 1930s?

    Solution

    Printers and publishers continuously developed new strategies to sell their product. In the 1920s in England, popular works were sold in cheap series called the Shilling series. In the 19th century periodicals, serialised novels gave birth to a particular way of writing novels. With the onset of Great Depression in the 1930s, publishers feared a decline in book purchases. To sustain buying, they brought out cheap paperback editions.

  • Question 14
    1 / -0
    In which Indian language did the Catholic priests print the first book in 1579?
    Solution
    The history of publishing and printing in Tamil is as interesting and rich as the language itself. The first book dates back to October 20, 1579. On the eventful day, Portuguese missionary Henrique Henriques (also Anrique Anriquez) published 'Thambiraan Vanakkam' with paper imported from China.
  • Question 15
    1 / -0
    Who edited the weekly Bengal Gazette in 1780 and was persecuted by the first de facto Governor-General of India for publishing a lot of gossip about the Company's senior officials in India?
    Solution
    James Augustus Hickey was an Irishman who launched the first printed newspaper in India, Hickey's Bengal Gazette. He edited the Bengal Gazette, which published a lot of gossip about the senior officials of the Company. He was persecuted by Governor-General Warren Hastings.
  • Question 16
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    Which of the following papers was published by Raja Rammohan Roy, which popularised reformist opinions?
    Solution
    Newspapers were instrumental in creating opinions and debates between the social and religious reformers and the Hindu orthodoxy over matters like widow immolation, monotheism, Brahmanical priesthood and idolatry. Sambad Kaumudi was a Bengali weekly newspaper published from Kolkata in the first half of the 19th century by Ram Mohan Roy. It was a noted pro-Reformist publication that actively campaigned for the abolition(stop) of the Sati Pratha.
  • Question 17
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    Which of the following statements is/are correct about the steps the Ulama took to counter the fear of conversions of Muslims and change in Muslim personal laws as a result of the fall of the Muslim dynasties?

    a. They published thousands of fatwas telling Muslim readers how to conduct themselves in their everyday lives, and explaining the meanings of Islamic doctrines.
    b. They published religious newspapers, Jam-i-Jahan Nama and Shamsul Akhbar, under the aegis of the Deoband Seminary.
    c. They published Persian and Urdu translations of holy scriptures and tracts.
    Solution
    The Ulama used cheap lithographic presses to publish Persian and Urdu translations of holy scriptures, and printed religious newspapers and tracts to counter their fears for the Muslim religion and Muslim personal law. The Deoband Seminary published thousands of fatwas telling Muslim readers how to conduct themselves in their everyday lives, and explaining the meanings of Islamic doctrines.
  • Question 18
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    The first full-length autobiography published in Bengali language, Amar Jiban, was the story of a young girl who learnt to read in the secrecy of her kitchen and was published in 1876. Who wrote this book?
    Solution
    Aamar Jiban, published in 1876, is the name of Rashsundari Debi's autobiography and is the first autobiography written by an Indian woman and also the first written by any Bengali female. It tells us about the status of women in the 19th century Indian society. It was the first full length autobiography published in the Bengali language.
  • Question 19
    1 / -0

    Who wrote about the injustices of the caste system in Gulamgiri?

    Solution

    Jyotirao Govindrao Phule was an Indian social activist, thinker, anti-caste social reformer and writer from Maharashtra. His work extended to many fields, including eradication of untouchability and the caste system, and women's emancipation. Jyotiba Phule wrote about the injustices of the caste system in his Gulamgiri, 1871.

  • Question 20
    1 / -0
    The Vernacular Press Act provided the government with extensive rights to censor reports and editorials in the vernacular press. It was passed in which year?
    Solution
    One of the most stringent regulations on the freedom of the press in India was the Vernacular Press Act of 1878. The act was intended to prevent the vernacular press from expressing criticism of British policies—notably, the opposition that had grown with the outset of the Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878–80). It was introduced by then Viceroy, Lord Lytton, this act provided the government with extensive rights to censor reports and editorials in the vernacular press.
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