Indian National Movement Test - 12

The Non-Cooperation Movement was launched on 1 August, 1920, and was withdrawn in February of 1922 after the Chauri Chaura incident.

Jatindra Nath Das (27^th October, 1904 – 13^th September, 1929), also known as Jatin Das, was an Indian independence activist and revolutionary. He died in Lahore jail after a 64-day hunger strike.

At that time, Lord Hardinge was the Governor General of the British held territories in India, and he was the one that shifted the capital of India from Calcutta to Delhi. Calcutta, however, remained the capital of Bengal, and later on West Bengal.

The Khilafat Movement arose in India in the early 20th century, as a result of Muslim fears for the integrity of Islam. The leaders joined forces with Mahatma Gandhi's Non-Cooperation Movement for Indian freedom, promising non-violence in return for his support to the Khilafat Movement. Hence, this movement worked as a bridge to fill the differences between the Hindu and Muslim communities.

In 'The Social Contract' (1762), Rousseau argues that laws are binding only when they are supported by the general will of the people. His famous idea, 'man is born free, but he is everywhere in chains', challenged the traditional order of society.

The appointment of Lord William Bentick as the Governor-General of India marked the dawn of a new era in the annals of British rule in India. He continued as Governor-General from 1828 to 1835 in India.

He had a firm faith in the programme of peace retrenchment and reform. He started the practice of appointing Indians in company's service. He favoured the expenditure of one lakh rupees for the teaching of Western ideas through English language because he wanted to educate Indians for employment in the services of the company.

Vallabhbhai Patel, popularly known as Sardar Patel, was an Indian politician. He served as the first Deputy Prime Minister of India. Patel was raised in the countryside of state of Gujarat. He was a successful lawyer. His commitment to national integration in the newly independent country was total and uncompromising, earning him the sobriquet "Iron Man of India".

The Champaran Satyagraha of 1917 was the first Satyagraha movement inspired by Gandhi and a major revolt in the Indian Independence Movement. It was the farmers' uprising that took place in Champaran district of Bihar, India during the British colonial period. The farmers were protesting against to grow indigo with barely any payment for it.

Both Gandhi and Nehru were well-educated men. They even had British higher education. Both of them participated in the struggle for independence of the country. Gandhi is believed to be the mentor of Nehru. However, they differed very much in their ideologies and lifestyles. They had a fundamental difference of opinion regarding the need for rapid industrialisation of India.