Indian National Movement Test - 9

The British generally wore clothes made up of either wool or leather even in summer. When Indian cotton clothes were introduced to them, they found it to be comfortable to wear in summer, it gained popularity among common people. Demand for Indian fabrics increased and this posed a threat to the traditional woolen industry. Due to this, an Act was passed in 1700 against the import of any of such fabric from India, Persia and China.

All the goods seized in the process were to be confiscated, sold by auction or re-exported. But the consumers were not ready to give up use of imported cotton materials. Many pamphlets were published by representative of woolen industry to prevent consumers from buying those cotton goods. People wearing cotton clothes were attacked and even the houses with any of such cotton materials found were damaged.

However this violence could not hold back the need of people to be clothed in something other than wool or leather. This tremendous violence and protest had to be addressed with new Act of prohibition. However this Act did not impose any ban on trading of cotton fabrics but they had to be kept in the warehouses and re-exported to other parts of the Europe.

When the imports from India were restricted, imitators found a golden opportunity to make profit out of depressed demand of consumers. They started making low quality cloths in Britain itself and started selling these cloths in Britain.

Warren Hastings laid the foundation of civil service and Charles Cornwallis reformed, modernised, and rationalised it. Hence, Charles Cornwallis is known as the father of civil service in India. The All India and Central Services (Group A) were designated as Central Superior Services in 1924.

The Cripps Mission was an attempt (in late March 1942) by the British government to secure Indian cooperation and support for their efforts in World War II. The mission was headed by Sir Stafford Cripps, a senior left-wing politician and government minister in the War Cabinet of Prime Minister Winston Churchill. The mission aimed at a compromise between Congress's demand for united India and Muslim League's demand for partitioned India, but the mission proved a failure.

The Salt March or the Salt Satyagraha was the most significant organised challenge to the British authority since the non-cooperation movement of 1920–22, and directly followed the Purna Swaraj declaration of sovereignty and self-rule by the Indian National Congress on 26^th January, 1930.

Chauri Chaura incident, happened on 4^th February, 1922, in Chauri Chaura village in Gorakhpur district of Uttar Pradesh, is very important in the history of the national movement. The incident relates to the burning of a police post by a mob which led to killing of 22 policemen and immediate end of Non-Cooperation Movement by Gandhi owning to violence.

Charles John Canning, 1^st Earl Canning KG GCB KSI PC, known as The Viscount Canning from 1837 to 1859, was an English statesman and Governor-General of India during the Indian Rebellion of 1857.