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The French And Russian Revolution Test - 11

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The French And Russian Revolution Test - 11
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Match the following in context of the system of estates in the French society.

    List - I List - II
    a. First estate 1. Constituted 90% of the population
    b. Second estate 2. Controlled all the top positions in the government, parliament, the army and the navy
    c. Third estate 3. Consisted of the clergy and held vast land and wealth
    Solution
    First estate consisted of the clergy that held vast land and wealth. They were a privileged class. The land owned by the first estate was tax free.
    Second estate consisted of the aristocracy and controlled all the top positions in the government, parliament, the army and the navy. They were virtually exempt from paying taxes of any kind.
    Third estate consisted everyone who was neither nobility nor clergy, and constituted 90% of the population. They were the poorest section, but were most heavily taxed.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Which of the following events took place on 14th July, 1789?
    Solution
    On the afternoon of 14 July 1789, the agitated crowd stormed the Bastille fort and destroyed it because it was seen by the revolutionaries as a symbol of the monarchy. And the revolutionist wanted the ammunition for the revolution which was kept in the fort.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0

    Which of the following statements is/are correct?

    a. France helped thirteen American colonies to gain their independence from Britain under Louis XVI.
    b. Louis XVI helped abolish the Old Regime.
    c. Louis XVI abolished the tailles and tithes causing unrest in the Third Estate.

    Solution

    Louis XVI increased the taxes due to the empty treasury he found when he ascended the throne. Taille was the direct tax and the tithe was the tax paid by the Third Estate to the clergy and church. These caused unrest in the Third Estate. Louis XVI was the last king of France under the Old regime. He levied and increased tailles (direct taxes) as well as many indirect taxes which caused a revolution in France and abolished the Old Regime.

  • Question 4
    1 / -0

    The members of which of the following estates paid taxes to the state?

    a. The First Estate
    b. The Second Estate
    c. The Third Estate

    Solution

    The members of the third estate had to pay direct tax to the state known as 'taille'. Indirect taxes were imposed on tobacco, salt and many other everyday items. Thus, the third estate was seething with financial difficulties. There was the rise and emergence of many social groups in France in the eighteenth century.

  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Match the following:

    a. Livre 1. Tax levied by the Church
    b. Tithe 2. Unit of currency in France that was discontinued in 1794
    c. Taille 3. Tax paid directly to the state
    Solution
    Match the following:

    a. Livre 2. Unit of currency in France that was discontinued in 1794
    b. Tithe 1. Tax levied by the Church
    c. Taille 3. Tax paid directly to the state

    The livre was the currency of Kingdom of France and its predecessor state of West Francia from 781 to 1794. Several different livres existed, some concurrently. The livre was the name of both units of account and coins.
    A tithe is a one-tenth part of something, paid as a contribution to a religious organization or compulsory tax to government. Today, tithes are normally voluntary and paid in cash or cheques, whereas historically tithes were required and paid in kind, such as agricultural produce.
    The taille was a direct land tax on the French peasantry and non-nobles in Ancien Régime France. The tax was imposed on each household and was based on how much land it held, and was directly paid to the state.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    The emerging middle class earned their wealth in the eighteenth century by

    a. increasing agricultural production
    b. expanding overseas trade
    c. manufacturing of goods
    Solution
    The 18th century witnessed the emergence of social groups, termed the middle class, who earned their wealth through an expanding overseas trade and from the manufacture of goods such as woollen and silk textiles that were either exported or bought by the richer members of society.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Who refuted the doctrine of the divine and absolute right of the monarch in 'Two Treaties of Government'?
    Solution
    John Locke sought to refute the doctrine of the divine and absolute right of the monarch in 'Two Treaties of Government'.
    John Locke was inspired by the humanistic and enlightened viewpoint that all individuals are equal. He was of the view that no individual is created superior by the God. Hence, no individual can have any absolute and divine right to rule over others. He propounded the idea that the government should rule according to law and with the consent of the people.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Napoleon became the emperor of France and annexed large parts of Europe in
    Solution
    The First French Empire, officially the French Empire, was the empire ruled by Napoleon Bonaparte, who established French hegemony over much of continental Europe at the beginning of the 19th century. Although France had already established a colonial empire overseas since the early 17th century, the French state had remained a kingdom under the Bourbons and a republic after the French Revolution. Historians refer to Napoleon's regime as the First Empire to distinguish it from the restorationist Second Empire (1852–1870) ruled by his nephew Napoleon III.
    On 18 May 1804, Napoleon was granted the title Emperor of the French by the French Sénat (Senate) and was crowned on 2 December 1804, signifying the end of the French Consulate and of the French First Republic.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Who among the following were denied entry to the assembly called together by Louis XVI on 5th May, 1789?

    a. Merchants
    b. Peasants
    c. Artisans
    d. Women
    e. Lawyers
    Solution
    On 5th May, 1789, Louis XVI called together an assembly of Estates General to pass proposals for new taxes. A resplendent hall in Versailles was prepared to host the delegates. The first and second estates sent 300 representatives each, who were seated in rows facing each other on two sides, while the 600 members of the third estate had to stand at the back. The third estate was represented by its more prosperous and educated members. Peasants, artisans and women were denied entry to the assembly.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Who were the leaders of the National Assembly?

    a. Mirabeau
    b. Abbé Sieyès
    c. George Danton
    d. Montesquieu
    Solution
    During the French Revolution, the National Assembly, which existed from 17 June 1789 to 9 July 1789, was a revolutionary assembly formed by the representatives of the Third Estate of the Estates-General; thereafter it was known as the National Constituent Assembly, though popularly the shorter form persisted. Montesquieu was not the leader of the representatives. He wrote the book 'The Spirit of the Laws'. Mirabeau and Abbé Sieyès were the leaders of the representatives of the Third Estate assembled in a hall of Versailles.
  • Question 11
    1 / -0
    Which of the following was not a part of the decree passed by the Assembly on the night of August 4, 1789?
    Solution
    On the night of 4 August 1789, the Assembly passed a decree:
    (i) It abolished the feudal system of obligations and taxes.
    (ii) Members of the clergy too were forced to give up their privileges.
    (iii) Tithes were abolished and lands owned by the Church were confiscated.
  • Question 12
    1 / -0
    Which of the following was the symbol of Eternity in the Declaration of Rights?
    Solution
    Snake Biting its Tail to form a Ring, this type of ring has neither beginning nor end. It is a symbol of eternity. The ouroboros is often interpreted as a symbol for eternal cyclic renewal or a cycle of life, death, and rebirth. The skin-sloughing process of snakes symbolizes the transmigration of souls, the snake biting its own tail is a fertility symbol. The tail of the snake is a phallic symbol, the mouth is a yonic or womb-like symbol.
  • Question 13
    1 / -0

    National Assembly voted to declare war against which of the following countries in April 1792?

    Solution

    The situation in France continued to be tense during the following years. Although Louis XVI had signed the Constitution, he entered into secret negotiations with the King of Prussia. Rulers of other neighbouring countries too were worried by the developments in France and made plans to send troops to put down the events that had been taking place there since the summer of 1789. Before this could happen, the National Assembly voted in April 1792 to declare war against Prussia and Austria.

  • Question 14
    1 / -0
    The Convention abolished the monarchy and declared France a republic in
    Solution
    In 1789, food shortages and economic crises led to the outbreak of the French Revolution. King Louis and his queen, Mary-Antoinette, were imprisoned in August 1792, and in September the monarchy was abolished.
  • Question 15
    1 / -0
    Which of the following items were in great demand in the European market due to which slave labour was exploited?

    a. Opium
    b. Sugar
    c. Coffee
    d. Indigo
    e. Tea
    Solution
    Sugar, coffee and indigo were in great demand in the European market. The exploitation of slave labour made it possible to meet the growing demand in European markets for sugar, coffee, and indigo. Port cities like Bordeaux and Nantes owed their economic prosperity to the flourishing slave trade.
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