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Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution Test - 1

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Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution Test - 1
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Weekly Quiz Competition
  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Match the following:

    a. Mensheviks 1. The Communist International, an organisation set up by Lenin to sponsor communist revolution all over the world
    b. Bolsheviks 2. The majority group of the Russian Social Democratic Republic, formed after the overthrow of the Tsarist Empire
    c. Comintern 3. The minority group of the Russian Socialist Democratic Labour Party
    Solution
    Match the following:

    a. Mensheviks 3. The minority group of the Russian Socialist Democratic Labour Party
    b. Bolsheviks 2. The majority group of the Russian Social Democratic Republic, formed after the overthrow of the Tsarist Empire
    c. Comintern 1. The Communist International, an organisation set up by Lenin to sponsor communist revolution all over the world

    The Mensheviks were one of the three dominant factions in the Russian socialist movement, the others being the Bolsheviks and Socialist Revolutionaries. The factions emerged in 1903 following a dispute within the Russian Socialist Democratic Labour Party between Julius Martov and Vladimir Lenin.
    The Bolsheviks, also known in English as the Bolshevists, were a radical, far-left, and revolutionary Marxist faction founded by Vladimir Lenin and Alexander Bogdanov that split from the Menshevik.
    The Communist International, known also as the Third International, was an international organization that advocated world communism.
  • Question 2
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    Who among the following were the leaders of the German revolutionary movement who tried to start a revolution in 1919?

    a. Rosa Luxemburg
    b. Lenin
    c. Karl Liebknecht
    d. Joseph Stalin
    Solution
    Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht were the leaders of the German revolutionary movement who tried to start a revolution in 1919. The army crushed the revolution. Both were captured and shot.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Before the eighteenth century, the society was broadly divided into estates and orders. Who among the following controlled the economic and social power?

    a. Peasants
    b. Aristocracy
    c. Church
    Solution
    The French Revolution opened up the possibility of creating a dramatic change in the way in which society was structured. Before the eighteenth century society was broadly divided into estates and orders and it was the aristocracy and church which controlled economic and social power. Suddenly, after the revolution, it seemed possible to change this. In many parts of the world including Europe and Asia, new ideas about individual rights and who controlled social power began to be discussed. In India, Raja Rammohan Roy and Derozio talked of the significance of the French Revolution, and many others debated the ideas of post-revolutionary Europe. The developments in the colonies, in turn, reshaped these ideas of societal change.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    European states discriminated in favour of one religion or another. Which of the following states favoured the Catholic Church?

    a. Austria
    b. Spain
    c. Britain
    Solution
    One of the groups which looked to change society were the liberals. Liberals wanted a nation which tolerated all religions. At this time European states usually discriminated infavour of one religion or another (Britain favoured the Church of England, Austria and Spain favoured the Catholic Church). Liberals also opposed the uncontrolled power of dynastic rulers. They wanted to safeguard the rights of individuals against governments.
  • Question 5
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    Who among the following firmly believed in the value of individual effort, labour and enterprise?

    a. Liberals
    b. Radicals
    c. Conservatives
    Solution
    The Liberals and the Radicals firmly believed in the value of individual effort, labour and enterprise. Opposed to the privileges the old aristocracy had by birth, liberals firmly believed in the value of individual effort, labour and enterprise. If freedom of individuals was ensured, if the poor could labour, and those with capital could operate without restraint,they believed that societies would develop. Many working men and women who wanted changes in the world rallied around liberal and radical groups and parties in the early nineteenth century.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Which of the following statements is/are false?

    a. The liberals opposed the privileges of great landowners and wealthy factory owners.
    b. The liberals did not believe in the universal adult franchise.
    c. Suffragette movement was a movement to give women the voting right.
    Solution
    The radicals opposed the privileges of great landowners and wealthy factory owners.
    The liberals were opposed to universal adult franchise. They felt men of property mainly should have the right to vote. They also did not want the vote for women.
    Women's suffrage is the right of women to vote in elections. Beginning in the late 19th century, besides women working for broad-based economic and political equality and for social reforms, women sought to change voting laws to allow them to vote.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    In which of the following countries did Giuseppe Mazzini, after 1815, conspire with others to create a nation where all citizens would have equal rights?
    Solution
    Giuseppe Mazzini was an Italian politician, journalist, activist for the unification of Italy and spearhead of the Italian revolutionary movement. His efforts helped bring about the independent and unified Italy in place of the several separate states, many dominated by foreign powers, that existed until the 19th century. An Italian nationalist in the historical radical tradition and a proponent of social-democratic republicanism, Mazzini helped define the modern European movement for popular democracy in a republican state.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0

    Who among the following wanted the government to encourage cooperatives and replace capitalist enterprises in France?

    Solution

    Louis Jean Joseph Charles Blanc (29th October, 1811 – 6th December, 1882) was a French politician and historian. A socialist who favoured reforms, he called for the creation of cooperatives in order to guarantee employment for the urban poor.

  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    In 1914, which of the following were the religious majority when Tsar Nicholas II ruled the Russian Empire?
    Solution
    The majority religion was Russian Orthodox Christianity but there were Catholics, Protestants, Muslims and Buddhists also during the rule of Tsar Nicholas II in Russia. Nicholas II, known as Saint Nicholas the Passion-Bearer in the Russian Orthodox Church, was the last Emperor of Russia, ruling from 1 November 1894 until his forced abdication in 15 March 1917.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    At the beginning of the twentieth century, which of the following countries was a major exporter of grain?
    Solution
    A massive expansion in the grain trade occurred when Europeans were able to bring millions of square kilometers of new land under cultivation in the Americas, Russia, and Australia, an expansion starting in the fifteenth and lasting into the twentieth century. In addition, the consolidation of farmland in Britain and Eastern Europe, and the development of railways and the steamship shifted trade from local to more international patterns.
  • Question 11
    1 / -0
    In which of the following years was the Socialist Revolutionary Party formed in Russia?
    Solution
    The Socialist Revolutionary Party was formed in Russia in the year 1900, out of the Northern Union of Socialist Revolutionaries (founded in 1896), bringing together many local socialist revolutionary groups established in the 1890s, notably the Workers' Party of Political Liberation of Russia created by Catherine Breshkovsky and Grigory Gershuni in 1899.
  • Question 12
    1 / -0
    When four members of the Assembly of Russian Workers were dismissed at the Putilov Ironworks, the workers at St. Petersburg went on a strike. Which of the following were not their demands?

    a. Allotment of independent houses instead of dormitories
    b. Reduction in the working time to eight hours
    c. Increase in wages
    d. Improvement in working conditions
    e. Workers to be allowed to keep families with them
    Solution
    In December 1904, four workers at the Putilov Ironworks in St Petersburg were fired because of their membership of the Assembly, although the plant manager asserted that they were fired for unrelated reasons. Virtually the entire workforce of the Putilov Ironworks went on strike when the plant manager refused to accede to their requests that the workers be rehired. Their demands were reduction in the working time to eight hours, increase in wages, and improvement in working conditions.
  • Question 13
    1 / -0
    In 1914, the First World War broke out between two European alliances. Which of the following countries was not involved in it?
    Solution
    The First World War was fought in 1914. It was fought between Germany, Austria and Turkey on one hand known as the Central powers and France, Britain and Russia on the other hand (later Italy and Romania) known as the Allies. Netherlands was not involved in the First World War. It was a neutral country.
  • Question 14
    1 / -0
    In which of the following countries did the Russian army lose badly between 1914 and 1916 and suffered over 7 million casualties by 1917?

    a. Germany
    b. Austria
    c. England
    d. France
    Solution
    On the outbreak of the First World War General Alexander Samsonov was given command of the Russian Second Army for the invasion of East Prussia. Almost 15 million served in the Russian Army during the First World War. The Russian army did lose badly in Austria and Germany. The casualties totalled an estimated 1.8 million killed, 2.8 million wounded and 2.4 million taken prisoner.
  • Question 15
    1 / -0
    During 1918 and 1919, who among the following controlled most of the Russian Empire?

    a. The Bolsheviks
    b. The Socialist Revolutionaries
    c. Pro-Tsarists
    Solution
    During 1918 and 1919, the ëgreensí (Socialist Revolutionaries) and ëwhitesí (pro-Tsarists) controlled most of the Russian empire. They were backed by French, American, British and Japanese troops- all those forces who were worried about the growth of socialism in Russia. As these troops and the Bolsheviks fought a civil war, looting, banditry and famine became common.
  • Question 16
    1 / -0

    Which of the following statements is/are false?

    a. The industries and the banks were kept nationalised by the Bolsheviks during the civil war.
    b. In December 1922, most of the non-Russian nationalities were given political autonomy in the Soviet Union.
    c. The Bolshevik officials started the first Five Year Plan during 1933-1938.

    Solution

    Most of their enemies were fighting only because they were paid to. Lenin helped the Bolsheviks by introducing War Communism. The Bolsheviks nationalised the factories, and introduced military discipline. In December 1922, most of the non-Russian nationalities were given political autonomy in the Soviet Union. Finally, the Bolsheviks had what they needed to win the war. The Bolshevik officials started the first Five Year Plan during 1927-1932.

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