CBSE Class 10th Social Science 2023 : 100 Most Important 3,5 Marks Questions with Answers

CBSE Class 10th Social Science 2023 : 100 Most Important 3,5 Marks Questions with Answers

In this article, we have compiled and presented the 100 most Important Questions and answers for Class 10 Social Science board examinations of CBSE in the 2022-23 session. These important questions have been designedby subject experts focusing on the latest changes in the syllabus, sample papers and previous year questions.

Social Science 3/5 Mark Questions

Q1. What steps were taken by French revolutionaries to create a feeling of collectiveism?

Ans.

• Ideas of fatherland and citizenship
• New national symbols
• Centralised administrative system
• National language
• Uniform system of weights and measures

Q2. ‘Napoleon’s administrative measures had Revolutionized the whole administration. Comment

Ans.

• Napoleonic code
• Reform in rular administrative system
• Improvement in urban centres
• Improvement in trade

Q3. Discuss the role played by culture in creating the European concept of nation.

Ans. Culture played an important role in creating the idea of nation art and poetry stories and music help Express and shape Nationalist feelings

Q4. Discuss the process of unification of Germany.

Ans.

• In the beginning William I was the ruler of Prussia
• Bismarck created the background for unification of Germany
• Vienna Congress
• Frankfurt parliament
• Three wars over 7 years with Austria Denmark and France

Q5. What were the main stages of unification of Italy? What were the main problems?

Ans. 

Unification of Italy

• 1832 Count Cavour became prime minister of Sardinia
• Apart from regular Troops a large number of armed volunteers under
• the leadership of Garibaldi joined the fray and marched into South Italy
• Venitia and Rome were captured ,
• In 1871 William I was proclaimed. the king of united Italy,

Problems in unification

• • Long history of political separatism
  • Control of foreign powers
  • Rule of the Pope
  • Vienna Congress
  • Conservatives

Q6. Why was Non cooperation launched? How the notion of Swaraj was perceived by various strata in the society?

Ans.

• Atrocities on Indians after World War I”
• Refusal of demand of Swaraj.
• Passing of Rowlatt Act
• Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
• Congress passed resolution on Non Cooperation Movement with thumping majority

Notion of Swaraj

• The movement in towns
• Rebellion in the country side
• Swaraj in the plantations

Q7. What were the reasons for starting the Khilafat Movement?

Ans.

• Humiliating terms of treaty of Versailles on Khalifas ii) Lucknow Pact
•  Starting of Non cooperation by the congress along with khilafat movement

Q8. Under what circumstances Civil disobedience movement was called off?

Ans.

• Crackdown on Satyagrahis
• Brutal suppression and many leaders were arrested
• Gandhi Irwin Pact

Q9. How did the First World War help in the growth of nationalist movement in India

Ans.

• War created a new political and economic situation. It led to an increase in expenditure
• The warled to a price rise and hardship for common people.
• War led to forced recruitment of people .
• Acute Shortage of food led to famine and misery .
• Indians began to realize that they were drawn in a war unnecessarily. This feeling united Indians against the British.

Q10. This sense of collective belonging came partly through the experience of united struggles role of folklore, songs, icons & images” Analyse the statement.

Ans.

• In late 19th century, Indian Nationalist began recording folk tales sung by bards and toured village together .
• The tales they believed gave true picture of traditional culture that was damaged by outside forces.
• It was essential to preserve this folk tradition in order to discover the national identity.
• It restored a sense of pride in one’s past during Swadeshi Movement, a tricolor flag was designed representing eight provinces through eight lotuses and a crescent moon symbolizing Hindu-Muslim unity
• Later Gandhiji developed tricolor flag (Red, Green and White) with a spinning wheel at center representing self-help. Carrying the flag became a symbol of defiance.
• This image Bharaa Mata was first created by Bankim Chandra Chatopadhyay. In 1870 he wrote Vande Mataram a hym to the mother land. Abanindranath Tagore in his painting portrayed Bharat Mata as calm, ascetic figure, composed, divine and spiritual.

Q11. Who was Alluri Sitaram Raju? Explain his role in inspiring the rebels with Gandhijis ideas?

Ans.

• • Alluri Sita Ram Raju was a tribal leader in the Gudem hills of Andhra Pradesh
  • He started a militant Guerilla Movement in the early 1920s.
  • The tribal people were enraged by the British policy, but when the goverment began forcing them to contribute ‘beggar for road building, the hill people revolted.
  • Raju inspired the hill people. He talked on the greatness of Mahatma Gandhi.

  • Inspired by Gandhiji’s Non Cooperation Movement, he persuaded people to wear Khadi and give up drinking. But at the same time he did not believe in Non Violence, he thought that India could be liberated only by the use of force.

Q12. What changes took place in the world due to the discovery of new sea routes of America?

Ans.

• Europe’s poor began to eat better and live longer with the introduction of the humble potato.
• Trade of slaves.
• Frequent religious movements in Europe.

Q13. Why the thousands of people run away from Europe to America in 19th century?

Ans.

• Import of cheap goods to discontinue the Corn Law.
• Spread of epidemic disease.
• Religious conflict.

Q14. What were the impact of industrialization of cotton industries on Britain?

Ans.

• Fall in import of cotton in india due to import duty imposed by British goverment.
• Indian garments had to face tough competition in international market,
• Import of cotton in very cheap rate by British government.

Q15. What were the causes of attraction of Europeans towards Africa?

Ans.

• Availability of vast resources of land and minerals.
• To establish plantations and mines.
• To produce crops and minerals for export to Europe

Q16. What do you mean by Surplus trade? Why the balance of trade is always favorable for Britain in terms of India?

Ans. When export value is more than import value is known as Surplus Trade

• The excess of goods in the market of Britain.
• Increase in export of grains and raw material exported to Britain and other countries of world from India.
• The goods imported to India cost very high whereas the goods exported to Britain cost very less.

Q17. What were the impact of first world war on the economy of Britain?

Ans.

• • Hard to maintain the top position of Britain in Indian market,
  • After first world war Britain had to compete with Japan.
  • Debt taken by America during First world war,
  • Fall in demand of goods due to the end of war caused fall in production and increase in unemployment.
  • The heavy taxes imposed by the government to fulfill the losses of war which causes great fall in employment.

Q18. How did the advent of Manchester create problems for Indian Weavers?

Ans.

• Decrease in export of India.
• Pressure on East India Company to see cloth.
• Low Cost
• Shrinking of local markets.
• Non availability of good quality cotton fibre.

Q19. What were the reasons for the increase in production during WWI?

Ans.

• To meet war requirements new industries were established
• To produce for uniforms, shoes, tents.
• New workers were employed and working hours were increased.

Q20. What were the reasons for the great economic depression of 1930?

Ans.

• Export declined after World War First.
• America capitalist stopped giving loans to European Countries.
• Over production in agriculture.
• Mechanisation of Industries.

Q21. Why it was difficult for new merchants to establish trade in towns?

Ans.

• In towns the guild system was powerful.
• Provide training to workers.
• Control the production
• Tred to discourage new extrants into the profession.

Q22. Why new industrialists could not displace traditional industries?

Ans.

• Number of people working in industries was less.
• Slow changes in technology.
• Cloth industry was gynamic
• Technology was expensive.
• A large part of production was done in Handlooms

Q23. The network of Indian Merchants started to break down why?

Ans.

• • The European companies gradually gained power first securing a variety of concession from local courts.
  • Then the monopoly right to trade.
  • Decline of parts of Surat and Hoogly

Q24. “Wood Block Printing came to Europe after 1295” Explain.

Ans.

• Wood Block Printing came to Europe after 1295 because:
• This technique was with China first.
• Marco Polo returned to Italy and brought this knowledge with himself.
• Now Italian began producing books with Wood Block.
• Soon the technology spread in other parts of world.

Q25. Print Culture created the conditions within which French Revolution occurred? Give reasons.

Ans.

• Print popularized the ideas of the Enlightenment thinkers.
• Print created a new culture of dialogue and debate
• By the 1780 there was on outpouring of literature that mocked the royalty and criticized their morality.

Q26. What are manuscript? Discuss their limitations.

Ans.

• Manuscripts were copied on palm leaves or on handmade paper.
• Manuscripts were highly expensive and fragile.
• They have to be handle carefully.
• They could not be read easily,

Q27. ” Print did not only stimulate the publication of conflicting opinions amongst communities, but also connected communities and people in different parts of India.” Elucidate.

Ans.

• It created new platform for expression of ideas
• It is the cheapest and most simplest way of communication.
• It brought about the problems of Indian Masses
• A large number of religious book were being transmitted to Indian Masses.

Q28. Discuss the role of print culture in encouraging the role of Nationalism in India

Ans.

• Despite repression nationalist newspaper were reaching every nook and corner of the country.
• They brought to light the misrule of the British.
• Revolutionary Bal Gangadhar Tilak started the newspaper named Kesari.
• Bal Gangadhar Tilak was imprisoned in 1908 which led to widespread protest all over India.

Q29. Why printed books became popular among less literate people?

Ans.

• • Those who could not read at least can listen and enjoy.
  • Folk songs and folk lore were published.
  • Illustrated books were published
  • These were read out at rural meetings pubs etc.

Q30. What problems have emerged due to over exploitation of Resources?

Ans.

• Damage/spoiling(over-utilization) of resources.
• Resources are concentrated on the hands of a few people. One class is resource full and other class is deprived.
• Global ecological problems like global warming, environmental pollution, decay of Ozon layer and land degradation.

Q31. Distinguish between Khadar and Bangar?

Ans.

KHADAR

• New alluvial
• More fine particles and more fertile
• Continues renewal
• It is found near river, delta and flood plains

BANGAR

• Old alluvial
• Higher concentration of kanker nodules
• No continuous renewa
• It is found far from the river at higher level

Q32. Write a short note on Earth Summit, 1992?

Ans.

• Organised in June 1992 at Rio de janeiro in Brazil
• More than hundred heads of states participated
• The summit was convened for addressing urgent problems of environmental protection and social economic development at the global level.
• The assembled leaders signed the Declaration on Global Climatic Change and Biological Diversity.
• The Rio Convention endorsed the global Forest Principals.

Q33. How the soil erosion can be controlled? Write various protective measures?

Ans.

• Controlling the flow of rivers by making check dams over them
• Planting more and more trees.
• Planting thorny vegetation in desert areas.
• Terrace cultivation in hilly areas. v) Shelter belts or planting lines of trees.

Q34. Distinguish between Net sown area and gross cropped area?

Ans.

NET SOWN AREA

• The part of the total sown area which is used for cultivation.
• In India almost half of the total sown area is Net sown area.
• This is estimated on the basis of a single crop in an year.

GROSS CROPPED AREA

• The area in which more than one crop are sown in an agriculture period.
• In India gross cropped area is far more than net sown area.
• Calculation is on the basis of more than a crop sown.

Q.35 What efforts have been made for Conservation of Resources at International level?

Ans.

• • The club of Rome advocated resource conservation for the first time in a more systematic way in 1968,
  • In, 1974, Gandhian Philosophy was once again presented by Schumacher in his book small is beautiful.
  • In, 1987, the Brundtland commission report introduced the concept of sustainable development.
  • Another significant contribution was made at the Earth Summit 1992.

Q36. What is Rain Water Harvesting? Write any two methods of Rain Water Harvesting popular in different regions of India?

Ans.

• A technique in which rain water is filled in empty places, tanks in houses, abandoned dugwell etc. Later it is used.
• In hill and mountainous regions, people built diversion channels like ‘guls’ and kuls’ for irrigation.
• ‘Rooftop rain water harvesting’ was commonly practiced to store drinking water , particularly in Rajasthan.
• In the flood plains of Bengal, people developed inundation channels to irrigate their fields.
• Rain fed storage structures like the “Khadins” and “Johads” in arid and semi-arid regions.

Q37. What is multi purpose river valley project? State different purposes of these projects?

Ans. Building dams on a river and achieving many purposes is called Multi-purpose projects. Some of these are-

• Irrigation
• Electricity generation
• Water supply for domestic and industrial uses
• Inland navigation and tourism
• Flood control
• Fish breeding.

Q38. How does an abandoned dugwell can be re-filled by the rain water?

Ans.

• Rooftop rain water is collected using a PVC pipe
• Filtered using sand and bricks
• Underground pipe takes water to sumps for immediate usage
• Excess water from the sump is taken to the well
• Water from the well recharges the underground
• Later take water from the well

Q39. How the industrialisation and urbanisation are responsible for the water scarcity ?

Ans.

• Rapid industrialisation after the independence.
• Due to ever-increasing number of industries excess use of fresh water.
• Multiplying urban centres with large and dense population and urban lifestyles have added to water and energy requirements
• Overexploitation of water resources in cities as well as in villages.

Q40. Write a short note on ‘Narmada Bachao Andolan’?

Ans. A movement against the Sardar Sarovar Dam being built across the Narmada river in Gujarat.

• Organised by Non Governmental Organisation(NGO)
• Mobilised tribal people, farmers, environmentalists and human rights activists.
• It originally focused on the environmental issues related to trees that would be submerged under the dam water.
• Later re-focused the aim to get full rehabilitation of displaced people

Q41. Why does the water need to be conserve and managed despite being a enewable resource?

Ans.

• • There is only 2.5% fresh water in the world.
  • Overexploitation of water resources.
  • Growing population, greater demand and unequal access.
  • Increasing Urbanization.
  • Due to industrialisation.

Q42. What is the importance of Agriculture in Indian economy?

Ans.

• Two third of population is engaged in agricultural activities.
• Agriculture is a primary activity.
• Providing raw material for various industries.
• An age old economic activity of India.
• Over these years, cultivation method have changed significantly.

Q43. Write about the institutional reforms introduced by the Indian Government in favour of farmers?

Ans.

• Provision of crop insurance facility.(fasal bima)
• Loan facilities to the farmers and development of grameen and cooperative banks.
• Announces minimum support price (MSP), remunerative and procurement prices for important crops.
• Special weather bulletins and agricultural programmes for farmers.
• Broadcasting of agricultural programmes on T.V. and radio related with new technology, tools, fertilisers etc.

Q44. Desribe about the causes responsible for the declining food production in India?

Ans.

• Due to competition with non-agricultural land use, reducing sown area.
• Declining fertility of land and production due to access use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides.
• The rising problems of water scarcity and salinity due to unable and unsuitable water management.
• Due to overexploitation of under ground water the water level has been fallen which resulted in increasing agricultural cost.
• Inadequate storing capacity and lack of markets.

Q45. Distinguish between the intensive subsistence farming and commercial farming?

Ans.

Intensive Subsistance Farming

• Small land holdings and limited land.
• Traditional techniques and tools
• Production for the local markets
• Two or three crops in a year.
• Mainly concerns to livelihood and production of food crops e.g. paddy.

Commercial Farming

• Big land holings
• Modern techniques and tools
• Production for the export
• Focus on a single crop.
• Mainly concern to trade e.g. sugarcane, cotton, wheat etc.

Q46. Describre the major challenges faced by the farmers in India?

Ans. 

• Uncertainty of Monsoon.
• Poverty and vicious cycle of Debt.
• Migration towards cities, Withdrawal from agricultural investment.
• Difficulty in reaching Government facilities and middle men.
• International competition and reduction in public investment.

Q47. Write any five ways of Agricultural reforms in India?

Ans.

• • Good irrigation system, Organic or bio manure, Use of modern agricultural tools.
  • Direct help to farmers, subsidy direct in account.
  • Government help, easy and cheap loans.
  • Easy accessibility of electricity and water.
  • Accessibility up to markets.
  • Crop insurance to protect from flood, drought, cyclone, fire, and insects.
  • Minimum support price(MSP), Grameen bank, Kissan card etc.
  • Education about agriculture, special weather bulletins
  • National and international agricultural seminar and accessibility of common farmers .
  • Establishment of school, collages and research institute of Agriculture and their use. Practice the following maps and fill the outline maps

Q48. How minerals are significant for us?

Ans.  Almost everything we use in our daily life, from tiny pin to a big ship all are made from minerals. Towering buildings, machinery, utensils, means of ransport, railway line and bridges too are made from minerals. Even the food that we eat contains the minerals.

Q49. How many types of minerals are there and how these are classified?

Ans. There are three types of minerals

• Metallic minerals
• Non-Metallic minerals and
• Energy minerals.
  This classification is based on their colour, shine, hardness, density and crystallisation.

Q50. How minerals are formed in igneous and metamorphic rocks?

Ans. In igneous and metamorphic rocks minerals may occur in the cracks, crvices, faults and joints. The smaller occurences are called veins and the larger are called lodes. In most cases they are formed when minerals in liquid / molten and gaseous forms are forced upward through cavities towards the earth’s surface. They cool and solidify as they rise. Major metallic minerals like tin, copper, zinc and lead etc. are obtained from veins and lodes.

Q51. Distinguish between Ferrous and Non-Ferrous minerals?

Ans.

Ferrous Minerals

• Containing iron
• Iron, ore, manganese, nickel, cobalt etc, 

Non-Ferrous Minerals

• No iron portion
• Copper, lead, tin, bauxite etc.

Q52. Mention about three major iron ore belts of India?

Ans. “There are four major iron ore belts in India-

• Orissa-Jharkhand belt
• Maharashtra-Goa belt
• Bellary-Chitradurga-Chikmaglur-Tumkur belt
• Durg-Bastar-Chandrapur belt

Q53. In which form Mica is found? Mention it’s major deposits area in India? What are the main uses of Mica?

Ans. Mica is made up of a series of plates or leaves. Mica deposits are found in-

• • The northern edge of the Chota Nagpur plateau.
  • Koderma Gaya-Hazaribagh belt of Jharkhand and Bihar.
  • Around Ajmer in Rajasthan.
  • Nellore mica belt of Andhra Pradesh.
  • Mica is used in Electric and electronic industries.

Q54. Describe the three physical factors affecting the location of industries?

Ans.

• Availability of raw material.
• Energy and power resources.
• Suitable climate.
• Land
• Availability of water. (Inexpensive and abundant in case of some industries like Jute)

Q55. Mention about the three human factors effecting the location of an industry.

Ans.

• Labour
• Capital
• Bazaar/Markets’
• Services like Transport, Communication, Banking, Insurance etc.
• Financial advice
• Government policies
• Infrastructure
• Entrepreneur

Q56. Distinguish between the Public and Private sector industries?

Ans. 

Public sector industries – Those industries which are owned and operated by any organisation of central government or state government such as Indian Railways, Shipping industries, Iron and steel industries of Durgapur and Bhilai etc.

Private sector industry-Those industries which are owned and operated by individuals or firms or companies. Such as Britannia industry which makes bread and biscuits, TISCO in Jamshedpur,

Q57. Why most of the jute mills are mainly located in West Bengal?

Ans.

• The West Bengal is the largest producer of Jute in India.
• Abundant and inexpensive water from the Hugli river for processing raw jute.
• Cheap labour from West Bengal, Bihar, Orissa and Uttar Pradesh
• Supported by a good network of railways, roadways and waterways to facilitate movement of raw material to the mills.
• Inexpensive (Cheap) water transport and Kolkata port for export of jute goods.
• Being a large urban centre Kolkata provides banking, insurance and other facilities.

Q58. Why the manufacturing industries are considered as the backbone of economic development of India?

Ans. As a body gets shape only with the presence of backbone like wise the major base or foundation of the economy of a country is Manufacturing industries. As these-

• Help in modernising agriculture.
• Provides employments in secondary and tertiary service sectors.
• Brings in, much needed foreign exchange.
• Is helpful in providing unemployment and poverty.
• Increases National income.
• Fulfils daily needs.

Q59. Which challenges are being faced by the Sugar industry in India?

Ans.

• • This is a seasonal and short term industry.
  • Sugarcane production per hectare is low.
  • Old machines in use. Inefficient method of production.
  • Need to maximise the use of baggase.
  • Transport delay in reaching cane to factories.

Q60. Describe any three advantages of Mass communication?

Ans.

• Mass communication provides entertainment.
• Creates awareness among people about various National programme and policies.
• It spreads knowledge.
• It broadcasts a variety of programmes from entertainment, educational to sports, etc.
• Doordarshan, the national television channel of India is the medium of national message and is one of the largest terrestrial networks in the world.

Q61. Describe the advantages of Pipeline Transport?

Ans.

• Pipeline transport network is used to transport water to cities and industries, crude oil, petroleum products and natural gas from oil and natural gas fields to refineries, fertilizer factories and big thermal power plants.
• Initial cost of laying pipelines is high but subsequent running costs are minimal.
• It rules out trans-shipment losses or delays.
• Pipelines make transport fast, safe and easy.
• It saves time and reduce pressure on rail transport.

Q62. Write any three features of Golden Quadrilateral super highways?

Ans.

• It’s a six lane super highways
• It links the mega cities of India i.e. Delhi-Kolkata-Chennai-Mumbai and Delhi.
• It reduces the time and distance between the mega cities of India
• It is under the NHAI.
• it’s a major road development project of our country.

Q63. Write the name of any three Railway zones and their headquarters?

Ans.

• Northern Railway Zone-New Delhi
• Western Railway zone-Mumbai
• Southern Railway zone-Chenna

Q64. ‘Road transport is more important than the Rail transport’. Why?

Ans.

• Road transport was started before the rail transport.
• Construction and management is easy thus can built and maintained easily.
• Construction cost of roads is much lower than that of railway lines.
• Can be constructed on mountains, and difficult terrains.
• It also provide door- to- door service, thus the cost of loading and unloading is much lower.
• Road transport is also used as a feeder to other modes of transport such as they provide a link between railway stations, air and sea ports.

Q65. Explain the importance of Air transport ?

Ans.

• • It is fastest among all. Take lesser time to reach one place to another.
  • It is a most comfortable.
  • It’s prestigious mode of transport.
  • It can cover very difficult terrains like high mountains, dreary deserts, dense forests and also long oceanic stretches with great ease
  • On the border, to maintain the force and to provide them food and ration at earliest.

Q66. State the various functions political parties perform in a democracy.

Ans. The various functions of political parties are :

• Contest Elections
• Policies and programmes – Put forward different policies and programmes among which the voters opt.
• Form and run the Government
• Law Making
• Role of the opposition
• Form the public opinion
• Access to Government Machinery and welfare schemes.

Q67. What are the various challenges faced by political parties ?

Ans. Following are the various challenges faced by political parties :-

• Lack of Internal Democracy
• Dynastic succession
• Money and Muscle Power
• Meaningful choice of the voters
• Membership of the party is not fairly registered
• Parties do not hold organisational meetings.

Q68. Suggest some reforms to strengthen parties so that they perform their functions Well ?

Ans. Suggestions to strengthen parties :-

• There should be some laws to regulate the internal affairs of parties.
• There should be state funding of elections
• It should be made mandatory for all political parties to reserve minimum seats for women.
• The people should put pressure on political parties through petitions, publicity and agitations.

Q69. What do you mean by regional party ? Give two examples.

Ans. Party that secures at least six percent of the total votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of a state and wins at least two seats is recognised as a regional party.

AAP-Delhi, SP (Samajwadi Party) – U.P., Rashtriya Janta Dal (RJD) – Bihar etc.

Q70. State any two advantages of the multi party system. In what ways is an alliance different from a coalition Government ?

Ans. Advantages of multi party system ;

• This system allows a variety of interests and opinions to enjoy political representation.
• In this system, two or more parties have a reasonable chance of coming to power.
• It provides various options before the voters.
• Big states as well as small states get an opportunity of representation in national politics. When several parties in a multi-party system join hands for the purpose of contesting elections and arising power it is called an alliance or front. In a coalition government, various parties come together to form the government, especially when no single party gets clear majority to form the government.

Q71.  “The rise of regional parties has led to strengthening of federation and democracy in our country.” Do you agree with the option ? Why/Why not ?

Ans. Over the last few decades, the number and strength of regional parties has expanded. This made the parliament of Indian politically more and more diverse, since no one national party is able to secure majority on ts own in the Lok Sabha. The national parties are compelled to form alliance with state parties. This has contributed to the strengthening of federalism and democracy in our country.

Q72. Democracy accommodates social diversities.” Support the statement with examples.

Ans. Democracy accommodates social diversities in the following ways :-

• Democracy develops competitive attitudes. Democracy develops a procedure to conduct competition among social classes. This reduces the possibility of conflicts and social tensions.
• Democracy evolves mechanisms to negotiate : No Society can fully and permanently resolve conflicts among different groups but we can certainly learn to respect these differences. Democracies are best suited to produce this outcome.
• Democracy represents the general view; Democracy ensures that the government should not be made by the majority but it should have the representation of minority as well.

Q73. How are democratic governments better than other forms of governments ? Explain.

Ans. government because of the following reasons:-

• Democracy promotes equality among citizens.
• Democracy enhances dignity of individuals
• Democracy improves the quality of decision making.
• Democracy develops competitive attitude
• Democracy evolves mechanism to negotiate
• Democracy represents the general view
• Democracy provides and accountable, responsive and legitimate government.

Q74. What are the differences between democratic and non-democratic governments in the decision-making process?

Ans. The difference between democratic and non-democratic governments In the decision-making process are as under:-

• The decision-making process in a non-democratic government is quick whereas in a democratic government is slow.
• In a non-democratic government implementation of the decisions is fast whereas in a democratic government is slow,
• The non-democratic government does not follow any fixed procedure but democratic governments have to follow certain procedures.
• Democratic government is based on deliberation and negotiation but non-democratic governments does not bother about such deliberation or public opinion.

Q75. What is the main outcome of democracy with reference to the reduction of Inequality and poverty? Give any two arguments to support your answer.

Ans. Democracy is based on political equality, All individuals have equal rights in electing representatives. Parallel to the process of bringing individuals into the political arena on an equal footing. find growing economic inequalities. A few rich enjoy a highly disproportionate share of wealth and incomes. Not only that their share in the total income of the country has been increasing. Those at the bottom of society have very little to depend upon. Their incomes have been declining and sometimes they find it difficult to meet their basic needs in life such as food, clothing, housing, education, and health.

Q76. Examine any three features on the basis of which a maximum number of countries claim to practice democratic politics.

Ans. When any country follows this pattern, then they are able to claim to practice democratic politics:

• Elections are held at regular intervals and are free and fair,
• Freedom of speech, expression, and thought is another feature of democracy.
• The dignity of the individual is recognized.
• All are treated equally and their value of a vote is the same.
• Everyone has a share in democracy.

Q77. “In actual life, democracies do not appear to be very successful in reducing economic inequalities.” Support this statement by giving three arguments.

Ans. Democracies are based on political equality.
All citizens have equal rights in electing representatives but:-

• • The same thing does not happen in the economic field
  • Economic equality comes from the equitable distribution of wealth, but this is not true in a democracy.
  • The poor are becoming poorer and sometimes they find it difficult even to meet their basic needs of life such as food, shelter, health, and education.
  • Democracy has not been able to provide minimum facilities to all the people.

Q78. What do you understand by the term ‘foundational challenges’?

Ans. Many countries even now are not democratic. They have to make a transition from other forms of governments to democracy and then instituting democratic governments. Such countries face the foundational challenges.

Q79. Most of the established democracies are facing the challenge of expansion, Support the statement with examples.

Ans. Most of the established democracies are facing the challenge of expansion.

This statement can be supported giving the following examples:-

• The challenges of expansion involves applying the basic principles of democracy across all the regions, different social groups and various institutions.
• It involves ensuring greater power to local governments. extension of federal principles to all the units of the federation and inclusion of woman and minority groups.
• It also implies that less and less decisions should remain outside the arena of democratic control. Most countries including India and other democracies like the USA face this challenge.

Ex. In Saudi Arabia, women are not allowed to take part in Public activities. In Myanmar, military rule should be challenged.

Q80. ‘The challenge of deepening of democracy is being faced by every democracy in one form or another.’ Support the statement with three arguments.

Ans. The challenge of deepening of democracy is faced by every democracy in one way or the other. This challenge ensures:-

• Strengthening of democratic institutions and principles
• To check the influence of the wealthy and powerful people in democratic decisions.
• Empowering the general section of people through democratic institutions.

Q81. How are the challenges to democracy linked to the possibility of political reform? Explain.

Ans. Challenges to democracy are linked to the possibility of political reform in the following ways:-

• Carefully devised changes in law can help to discourage wrong political practices.
• Democratic reforms are to be carried out by political parties activists, movements and politically conscious citizens.
• Ordinary citizens too participate in political affairs.
• Democratic movements, citizens organizations and media can play an important role in establishing democracy and thus reforming politics.
• Laws to empower citizens like RTI should be made accessible so that parties, their functioning and above all democracy can be reformed from time to time.

Q82. What are the challenges faced by the countries, making transitions to democracy under foundational challenge? Explain.

Ans. Different kinds of challenges are as under :

• Poverty
• Illiteracy
• Regionalism
• Unemployment
• Communalism
• Political Violence and insurgency
• Casteism
• Gender Discrimination
• Lingiusm

Q83. Explain which four guideline should be kept in mind while devising ways and means for political reforms in India.

Ans.

• • Carefully devised changes in Law can help to discourage wrong political practices and encourage good ones. At the same time, legal constitutional changes by themselves cannot overcome challenges to democracy. They are to be carried out by political activists, parties movements and politically aware people.
  • Legal changes can sometimes be counter productive. Generally laws that seek to ban something are not very successful. Rather laws that give political actors incentives to do good things have more chances of working for example, RTI, empowers people to act as watch dogs of democracy.
  • The focus of political reforms should be on ways to strengthen democratic practice.
  • Any proposal or political reforms should think not only about what is a good solution but also about who will implement it and how measures that rely or democratic movements, citizens organisations and the media are likely to succeed.

Q84. Why do different persons have different notions of development? Explain.

Ans. Different people has different notion for development because:

• It is because the life situations of persons are different.
• People seek things that are most important for them or that which can fulfill their aspirations or desire.
• What may be development for one may not be for the other. It may even be destructive for the other.
• For example: The developmental goals of a boy from a rich urban family would be to get admission in a reputed college, whereas the developmental goals of a girl from a rich urban family would be to get as much freedom as her brother.

Q85. In what respect is the criterion used by the UNDP for measuring development different from the one used by , the World Bank?

Ans.

UNDP

• Has taken education, health and per capita income as the base.
• Countries have been ranked.
• It is also considered as a broader concept of development.

World Bank

• It uses per capita income as its base for comparison.
• It is considered as a narrow concept of development.
• Under this concept countries have been divided into three categories – rich, middle and poor.

Q86. Why is literacy essential for the economic development? Explain.

Ans. Literacy is an essential element for the economic development since:

• Education gives us vast knowledge.
• Aliterate person is eligible to get suitable employment.
• Education develops the ability to implement modern technology.
• Literate people understand the importance of remaining healthy and stay away from the deadly disease.

Q.87 Money in your pocket cannot buy all the goods and services that you may need to live well. Is it true? Elucidate.

Ans. Money cannot buy all the goods and services that you may need to live well.

• Money cannot buy us pollution-free environment.
• Money cannot buy us a disease-free life and might not be able to get protection from infectious disease.
• Beside money, people also like to have equal treatment in the society, freedom, dignity and honor in their lives, which money cannot buy them.

Q88. “Girls in India in the rural sector are sometimes not able to get secondary level education”. Give three reasons for this.

Ans.

• Gender Discrimination
• ‘Poverty
• Distance

Q89. Briefly define the following terms.

• A. Infant Mortality Rate
• B. Net Attendances
• C. Literacy Rate

Ans.

• Infant mortality rate is number of deaths under one year of age occurring among the live births in given geographical area during a given year.

• Net Attendance ratio is defined as the ratio of the number of people in the official age-group attending any educational institution in a particular class-group to the total number of people in the age- group.

• • Literacy rate is the total percentage of the population of an area at a particular time aged seven years or above who can read and write with understanding.

Q90. Differentiate between economic and non-economic activities. Give any two points.

Ans. Economics activities are such activity which gets you some income while performing them, For example, a doctor is earning by treating his patients his. Non-economic activities are the activities from which do not gain
anything earn you any income. For example, a doctor treating his own family members doesn’t eam any money.

Q.91 Using examples from your area compare and contrast activities and functions of Private and Public sectors.

Ans.

Public sector

• The main aim of this sector is public welfare.
• It is controlled and managed by Government.
• Necessary facilities provided by Government.
• Employment is secured.
• Fixed wages and important facilities are Provided. Such as medical claim and so on.
• The sector provides basic facilities like education, health, food and security to the people, for example.

Private sector

• The main aim of this sector is to earn maximum profit,
• It is controlled and managed by an individual of group of individuals.
• All the facilities provided by Individual or group of individuals.
• Employment is not secured.
• Generally neither fixed wages nor other important facilities provided.
• The sector provides consumer goods to the people. For example TISCO, Reliance and so on.

Q.92 Distinguish between organized and unorganized sector.

Ans.

Organized sector

• Fixed working hours.
• Fixed Minimum wages
• Secured employment.
• Enjoyable working conditions.
• Other facilities such as medical. Gratuity Other pension’s are provided

Unorganized sector

• Working hours are not fixed.
• Less than minimum wages fixed by government.
• Employment is not secured
• Working condition is not up to the mark.
• No such facilities provided

Q.93 Explain the objective of implementing the MGNERGA 2005.

Ans.

• Its aims to provide employment of 100 days in a year.
• All those who are eligible to work would be guaranteed by goverment. If goverment fails to do so, it will give unemployment allowance to people.
• To increase the income and employment to people.
• Every state/region can develop tourism, regional craft, IT etc. or additional employment.

Q94. What are the different types of unemployment in India?

Ans. Underemployment or disguised employment : A situation where more people are engaged than required. So, even if you turned people out, production will not be affected. It is called underemployment.
Seasonal unemployment : When people are unemployed for a particular season. It is as seasonal unemployment. For example, if armers are ploughing land only for rabi season then , they, become unemployed for the rest of the season.

Q95. How do we count the various goods and services and know the total production in each “sector”?

Ans. Economist suggests that the’ ‘values of goods and services should be used rather than adding up the actual numbers. The value of goods and services in the three sectors are calculated and then a added up. Not every good(or service), that is produced and sold, needs to be counted. It makes sense, only to include final goods and
services. Intermediate goods are used up in producing final goods and services. The value of final goods already includes the value of all the intermediate goods that are used in making the final goods and services.
So the value of final goods and services produced in each sector during a particular year, provides the total production of the sector for that year. And the sum of production in three sectors gives us the Gross Domestic Product.”

Q.96 Analysis of the work of the Reserve Bank of India?

Ans.

• Issue the currency on behalf of Government of India.
• Issues guidelines regarding working culture of Bank and SHG.
• Give directions regarding terms and interest on credits
• To provide feedback regarding monetary policies to government of India.
• RBI holds a part of the cash reserve of the bank

Q.97 How do formal and informal sources of credit differ from each other?

Ans.

Formal sector

• Rate of interest is lower.
• Collateral is must for getting loan.
• RBI supervises them.
• More documentation is required, It involves many formalities.
• EX.: Banks and co-operatives

Informal sector

• Higher rate of Interest.
• Ready to give loans without any collateral too.
• No organization to supervise them.
• Less documentation, less formalities.
• Examples: Moneylender, traders, friends, retailers and so on.

Q.98 What is credit? How can credit be both an asset as well as a debt trap?

Ans. Credits refers to an agreement in which the lender supplies the borrower with money, goods or services in return for the promise of future payment.

• Credit as an asset: During the festival season, a shoe manufacturer Salim has received an order of making shoes in bulk, within a month’s time. To complete production, he hired extra workers and has to purchase the raw materials. He asks the supplier to supply leather now and, promise to pay him later. Then he took some advance payment from the trader. By the end, of the month, he is able to deliver the order, make a good profit and repay the money he had borrowed.
• Credit as debt trap: A farmer Swapna picks up loan from a moneylender to meet the expenses of cultivation. But unfortunately the crop is hit by the pests and fails. So, she is unable to repay the loan and debt grows larger with interest.
• In Salim’s case credit plays a vital and positive role, whereas in Swapna’s case credit pushes the borrowers into a situation from which recovery is painful.

Q.99 What are the terms of credit? How it may vary for person to person?

Ans.

• Every loan agreement specifies an interest rate which the borrower must pay to the lender along with repayment of the principal.
• In addition, lender may demand collateral, i.e., as assert that the borrower owns and uses this as a guarantee until the loan is repaid.
• If the borrower fails to repay the loan, the lender has the right to sell the collateral to obtain payment.
• Terms of credit comprise interest rate, collateral and locumentation requirement, and the mode of repayment.

Q.100. How is the concept of Self Help Group important for poor people? Give your view points.

Ans.

• SHG’s basic idea is to provide financial resource for the poor through organizing the rural poor especially women, into small Help Groups.
• It organizes the rural poor, especially women, into small Self Help Groups.
• It collects saving of the members.
• it provides loans without collateral.
• It provides timely loans at reasonable rate of interest.
• It also provides a platform to discuss various social issue.

Q101. The credit activities of the informal sector should be discouraged. Support your statement with relevant arguments

Ans.

• • Informal lenders charge very high interest on their loans.
  • There are no boundaries and restrictions.
  • In certain cases, the high interest rate for borrowing can mean that the amount to be repaid is greater than the income of the borrowers.
  • This could lead to increasing debt trap, therefore the credit activities of the informal sector should be discouraged.

Q102. What do you mean by globalization? What are the effects of globalization in India?

Ans. Globalization is the integration or interconnection between the countries through trade and foreign investment.

Positive Impacts:

• Greater choice and improved quality of goods at competitive price and hence raises standard of living.
• MNC’s have increased investment in India.
• Top Indian companies emerged as multinationals.
• Created new opportunities for companies providing services like IT sector.
• Collaboration with foreign companies help a lot to domestic entrepreneurs.

Negative Impacts:

• Indian economy faced the problem of brain drain.
• Globalization has failed to remove unemployment and poverty.
• Cut in farm subsidies.
• Closure of small industries.

Q103. What is WTO? What are the aim of WTO? What are the drawback of WTO?

Ans. WTO is World Trade Organization, It is an organization which is in favor of increasing the world trade through globalization.

The Aim of WTO:

• To liberalize International trade by allowing free trade for all.
• To promote international trade among the countries of the world in an open uniform and non-discriminatory manner.
• Removal of both the import and export restrictions.

The Drawback of WTO

• It is dominated by developed countries.
• It is used by developed countries to support globalization in areas
• that are not directly to trade.

Q104. What is MNC’s? How MNC’s can spread and get control over productions?

Ans. MNC’s are Multinational corporations. It is a company that owns or controls production in more than one nation. MNC’s can spread and control by:

• Setting up joint production units with local companies.
• To buy up local companies and expanding its production base.
• Placing orders with small producers.
• By using their Brand.

Q105. What is investment? How is foreign investment different from it?

Ans. The money that is spent to buy assets such as land, building. machines and other equipment is called investment. Investment made by MNC’s is called foreign investment. Every investment is made with the hope that the assets will earn profits for these companies.

Q106. Why are the trade barriers imposed on the foreign trade and investment in a country?

Ans. Trade barriers are used by the government:

• To increase, decrease or regulate foreign trade.
• To decide what kinds of goods and how much of each, should come into the country.
• To protect the producers within the country from foreign competition.

Q107. Describe any five advantages to consumers due to globalization and greater competition among producers.

Ans.

• • There is a greater choice before consumers along with competitive price.
  • Then enjoy improved quality and lower prices for several products.
  • They enjoy much higher standards of living that was possible earlier.
  • Strengthening of Consumers Right like – Right to Information, Right to choose, Right to Be Heard, Right to Seek Redressal has been given to consumers.
  • Legal. rights of consumers have become more effective.

Q108. What are the forms of consumer exploitation?

Ans. 

• Deceptive advertising
• Unreasonable Prices
• Adulteration
• Poor Quality of Products
• Deceptive Packing
• Underweight Supplies
• Deficiency in Service
• Negligence in Service

Q109. What does COPRA stands for? How does it help the consumers?

Ans. It stands for Consumer Protection Act, which was enacted by the government in 1986.

• It strengthened the consumer movement and provided the consumers with the right to seek redressal against the unfair trade practices and exploitation,
• Under COPRA, a three-level judicial system was set up for redressal of consumer disputes.
• To correct unfair business conduct.

Q110. Describe the various duties of Consumers?

Ans. Duties of Consumers:

• Check the manufacturing and expiry date of a product.
• Taking a careful view while weighing any product.
• Should insist for Original Bills.
• Should insist for original product with quality logos on it.

CBSE Class 10 Study Material

CBSE Class 10 Syllabus 2022-23	NCERT Solutions For Class 10
CBSE Class 10 Previous Year Question Papers	CBSE Class 10 Books
CBSE Class 10 Full Study Material	CBSE Class 10 Sample Paper