Hindi English Translation || Editorial || In the running: On the Artemis II launch

In the running: On the Artemis II launch

The Artemis II launch assures the U.S.’s partners that NASA is on track (सही मार्ग पर)

The sight (दृश्य, नज़ारा) of the giant rocket bearing (वहन करना, धारण करना) the NASA Artemis II mission and its crew (दल, टीम) of four ascending (ऊपर उठना, ऊपर जाना) into the sky in the early hours of April 2 (IST) brought cheers among onlookers (दर्शक, तमाशबीन) on the ground and around the world. The mission (अभियान) has taken many years and several billion dollars to develop and brings the prospect (संभावना) of returning humans to the moon an equally giant step (बहुत बड़ी प्रगति, महत्वपूर्ण कदम) closer (अधिक निकट). The U.S. and China are currently leading the two poles of an international moonward race. A race implies (संकेत देना, इंगित करना) winners and losers because they are keen to (उत्सुक होना, इच्छुक होना) corner (कब्जा करना, नियंत्रण करना) precious water deposits (जल भंडार) and landscapes (the comprehensive visible physical features and terrain of a celestial body’s surface; terrain, topography, surface, extraterrestrial environment) on the moon and set up (स्थापित करना) functional (operational, working, usable, practical) lunar bases, which could bias (influence, sway, predispose, tilt) future missions in the winner’s favour. NASA’s Artemis programme (a United States-led international human spaceflight program, officially mandated to return humans to the Moon, establish a sustainable and robust lunar presence, and prepare for future crewed missions to Mars) and China’s International Lunar Research Station (a planned comprehensive scientific experiment base hosted on the lunar surface or in lunar orbit, jointly initiated by China and Russia, mandated to conduct multidisciplinary scientific research including lunar observation and technological verification) are designed to include research outposts (a remote, strategically established station or settlement utilized for advanced scientific research, defense, or further exploration; base, station, settlement, frontier facility), refuelling (replenish fuel, top up, supply with propellant, restock energy) depots (storage facility, reservoir, repository, supply base), communication relays (an advanced technological system or satellite designed to receive, amplify, and retransmit signals to enable stable communication across vast spatial distances; signal transmitter, transmission hub, communication link), and resource extraction (the systematic industrial and technological process of withdrawing or mining valuable materials from a celestial body; lunar mining, material harvesting, resource exploitation, extraterrestrial mining) sites, which would give their operators a head-start (an early, distinct strategic advantage secured in a highly competitive geopolitical or technological situation; early advantage, initial lead, advance, competitive edge) on any mission that depends on venturing (undertake, embark, proceed, set forth (a risky course of action)) further into cis-lunar (relating exclusively to the vast spherical volume of outer space that encompasses the region between the Earth and the Moon’s orbit; Earth-Moon space, sub-lunar space, intra-lunar region) space or towards Mars. While the idea of winning and losing is objectionable (offensive, unacceptable, disagreeable, unpalatable) vis-à-vis (regarding, concerning, with respect to, in comparison with) the celestial (positioned in or strictly relating to the sky, or outer space phenomena as observed in astronomy; astronomical, extraterrestrial, heavenly, cosmic) commons, which should present equal opportunities to all participants in the global space programme, it is also naive (unsophisticated, innocent, gullible, dangerously idealistic) to believe that the race is motivated by the urge (impulse, desire, drive, compulsion) to explore (investigate, survey, scout, examine) the universe. Extending geopolitical (relating specifically to the complex, strategic intersection of international political power, geography, and global influence; strategically global, political-geographic, international-strategic, diplomatic) borders into space and projecting (demonstrate, exhibit, showcase) national prestige have been considerable driving forces (primary catalyst, main motivation, animating factor, mainspring) of the new Space Age (the modern, rapidly advancing era of space exploration characterized by intense international geopolitical competition, massive commercial participation, and renewed efforts for human planetary habitation; modern space era).

China’s efforts have been more sheltered (protect, shield, safeguard, cover) and powered predominantly (primarily, principally, mostly, largely) by its own impetus (the core driving force or kinetic energy that compels a process to happen or develop far more aggressively; momentum, driving force, catalyst, stimulus), although they are no less impressive (formally evoking intense admiration through undeniable size, quality, scale, or technological skill; remarkable, striking, spectacular, formidable). The U.S., however, has included commercial operators and dozens of other countries via the Artemis Accords (A formally established set of non-binding bilateral arrangements between the United States government and participating nations, formulated to outline a framework of core principles for the peaceful, transparent, and sustainable civil exploration of outer space). The latter arrangement (agreement, pact, treaty, understanding) has made for apparently (seemingly, evidently, ostensibly, supposedly) slower progress but in exchange for (in return for, as a trade for, reciprocally, in lieu of) greater predictability (reliability, consistency, foreseeability, operational certainty) in future, if and when the Artemis programme succeeds in full and assuming that the U.S. leadership will honour (fulfill, observe, respect, adhere to) its commitment (pledge, obligation, undertaking, promise). India signed the Accords in 2023, thus (therefore, consequently, hence, accordingly) agreeing to use outer space (the vast, physical cosmic universe extending immediately beyond the Earth’s breathable atmosphere; the cosmos, deep space, the extraterrestrial void, the celestial realm) peacefully, transparently, and interoperably (compatibly, cooperatively, integratively, cohesively) and to share data and resources according to their norms (standard, rule, convention, guideline). While India is not an active participant in the Artemis missions in the way that Europe and Japan are, its human spaceflight programme (a massive, official institutional aerospace initiative dedicated to launching, sustaining, and safely returning live human crews in outer space; crewed space initiative, manned space mission framework, human exploration project), ‘Gaganyaan’, is in the works and it also plans to build a space station (a massive, complex, and continuously crewed artificial satellite specifically utilized as a long-term base for orbital scientific operations; orbital laboratory, space habitat, orbital outpost) and take Indians to the moon by 2040. India could thus provide payloads (the highly specialized scientific equipment, vital instruments, or crucial technological cargo actively carried by a spacecraft; cargo, freight, scientific cargo) and experiments for future launches, explore joint Artemis-Gaganyaan missions (a strategic bilateral space collaboration securely negotiated between the United States (NASA) and India (ISRO), specifically mandated to integrate deep technological efforts and mutually advance human spaceflight objectives), and co-develop (jointly develop, collaborate on, co-create, partner to engineer) lunar activities under the Accords (agreements, pacts, treaties, diplomatic protocols) rather than start from scratch (begin anew, start over, build from the ground up, commence from nothing). These are useful benefits. In addition to reassuring the U.S. government that NASA remains in the race to (vying to, competing to, rushing to, aggressively struggling to) the moon, the Artemis II launch allows the country’s partners to look to (aim to, plan to, intend to, proactively seek to) the next steps.

Courtesy: The Hindu

Important Word List With Meaning

1.on track (phrase)

Hindi Meaning - सही मार्ग पर
English Meaning - on schedule, progressing, advancing.

2.sight (noun)

Hindi Meaning - दृश्य, नज़ारा
English Meaning - a visually impressive spectacle; scene, visual, display.

3.bear (verb)

Hindi Meaning - वहन करना, धारण करना
English Meaning - carry, exhibit, display, support.

4.crew (noun)

Hindi Meaning - दल, टीम
English Meaning - a highly specialized and trained group of personnel operating a spacecraft, aircraft, or vessel; team, personnel, staff.

5.ascend (verb)

Hindi Meaning - ऊपर उठना, ऊपर जाना
English Meaning - to formally launch or travel upward into the atmosphere and outer space; rise, climb, launch, take off.

6.onlooker (noun)

Hindi Meaning - दर्शक, तमाशबीन
English Meaning - spectator, bystander, observer, witness.

7.mission (noun)

Hindi Meaning - अभियान
English Meaning - a highly planned, strategic expedition or operation, particularly within the context of scientific space exploration; expedition, operation, assignment, undertaking.

8.prospect (noun)

Hindi Meaning - संभावना
English Meaning - possibility, likelihood, chance, probability.

9.giant step (noun)

Hindi Meaning - बहुत बड़ी प्रगति, महत्वपूर्ण कदम
English Meaning - a monumental advancement, breakthrough, or progressive leap in a particular endeavor; major leap, breakthrough, massive stride, monumental advance.

10.closer (adjective)

Hindi Meaning - अधिक निकट
English Meaning - nearer, more proximate, approaching, imminent.

11.imply (verb)

Hindi Meaning - संकेत देना, इंगित करना
English Meaning - suggest, indicate, hint at, insinuate.

12.keen to (phrase)

Hindi Meaning - उत्सुक होना, इच्छुक होना
English Meaning - eager to, enthusiastic about, determined to, anxious to.

13.corner (verb)

Hindi Meaning - कब्जा करना, नियंत्रण करना
English Meaning - monopolize, dominate, control, secure.

14.water deposit (noun)

Hindi Meaning - जल भंडार
English Meaning - a natural accumulation of water, typically in frozen solid form (ice), located within lunar craters or subterranean regions; ice reserve, water reservoir.

15.set up (phrasal verb)

Hindi Meaning - स्थापित करना
English Meaning - establish, build, construct, assemble.

16.functional (adjective)

English Meaning - operational, working, usable, practical.

17.landscape (noun)

English Meaning - the comprehensive visible physical features and terrain of a celestial body’s surface; terrain, topography, surface, extraterrestrial environment.

18.in the run (phrase)

English Meaning - acting as a participant in a continuous attempt or effort to achieve something; actively involved, participating, engaged, vying.

19.in the running (phrase)

English Meaning - having a reasonable or strong chance of winning or being successful in a competitive process; contending, in contention.

20.Artemis II (mission)

English Meaning - the scheduled first crewed mission of NASA’s Artemis program, officially mandated to perform a lunar flyby test to verify spacecraft life support systems and pave the way for sustainable human lunar exploration.

21.National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) (noun)

English Meaning - an independent agency of the United States federal government officially mandated to be responsible for the civil space program, aeronautics research, and space exploration.

22.NASA Artemis II mission (mission)

English Meaning - the United States space agency’s inaugural crewed flight test of the Space Launch System and Orion spacecraft, mandated to orbit the Moon and return to Earth to strictly validate human spaceflight capabilities.

23.lead the two poles (phrase)

English Meaning - to act as the primary contenders or dominant superpowers representing two opposing geopolitical sides or alliances; command the opposing factions, head the rival blocs, dominate the bipolar divide.

24.international moonward race (noun)

English Meaning - the highly competitive, global geopolitical and scientific contest among rival nations aiming to explore and establish a sustained presence on the Moon; lunar competition, global space race, celestial contest, extraterrestrial rivalry.

25.lunar base (noun)

English Meaning - a complex constructed facility on the Moon purposefully designed to support scientific research, resource extraction, and prolonged habitation; moon station, lunar outpost, extraterrestrial settlement, lunar facility.

26.bias (verb)

English Meaning - influence, sway, predispose, tilt.

27.in someone’s favour (phrase)

English Meaning - to someone’s advantage, beneficial to, advantageous to, supporting.

28.Artemis programme (program)

English Meaning - a United States-led international human spaceflight program, officially mandated to return humans to the Moon, establish a sustainable and robust lunar presence, and prepare for future crewed missions to Mars.

29.International Lunar Research Station (organization)

English Meaning - a planned comprehensive scientific experiment base hosted on the lunar surface or in lunar orbit, jointly initiated by China and Russia, mandated to conduct multidisciplinary scientific research including lunar observation and technological verification.

30.outpost (noun)

English Meaning - a remote, strategically established station or settlement utilized for advanced scientific research, defense, or further exploration; base, station, settlement, frontier facility.

31.refuel (verb)

English Meaning - replenish fuel, top up, supply with propellant, restock energy.

32.depot (noun)

English Meaning - storage facility, reservoir, repository, supply base.

33.communication relay (noun)

English Meaning - an advanced technological system or satellite designed to receive, amplify, and retransmit signals to enable stable communication across vast spatial distances; signal transmitter, transmission hub, communication link.

34.resource extraction (noun)

English Meaning - the systematic industrial and technological process of withdrawing or mining valuable materials from a celestial body; lunar mining, material harvesting, resource exploitation, extraterrestrial mining.

35.head-start (noun)

English Meaning - an early, distinct strategic advantage secured in a highly competitive geopolitical or technological situation; early advantage, initial lead, advance, competitive edge.

36.venture (verb)

English Meaning - undertake, embark, proceed, set forth (a risky course of action).

37.cis-lunar (adjective)

English Meaning - relating exclusively to the vast spherical volume of outer space that encompasses the region between the Earth and the Moon’s orbit; Earth-Moon space, sub-lunar space, intra-lunar region.

38.objectionable (adjective)

English Meaning - offensive, unacceptable, disagreeable, unpalatable.

39.vis-à-vis (preposition)

English Meaning - regarding, concerning, with respect to, in comparison with.

40.celestial (adjective)

English Meaning - positioned in or strictly relating to the sky, or outer space phenomena as observed in astronomy; astronomical, extraterrestrial, heavenly, cosmic.

41.commons (noun)

English Meaning - shared resources, public domain, global heritage, common pool.

42.naive (adjective)

English Meaning - unsophisticated, innocent, gullible, dangerously idealistic.

43.urge (noun)

English Meaning - impulse, desire, drive, compulsion.

44.explore (verb)

English Meaning - investigate, survey, scout, examine.

45.geopolitical (adjective)

English Meaning - relating specifically to the complex, strategic intersection of international political power, geography, and global influence; strategically global, political-geographic, international-strategic, diplomatic.

46.project (verb)

English Meaning - demonstrate, exhibit, showcase.

47.national prestige (noun)

English Meaning - international standing, state honor, global reputation, national glory.

48.considerable (adjective)

English Meaning - significant, substantial, sizable, appreciable.

49.driving force (noun)

English Meaning - primary catalyst, main motivation, animating factor, mainspring.

50.new Space Age (noun)

English Meaning - the modern, rapidly advancing era of space exploration characterized by intense international geopolitical competition, massive commercial participation, and renewed efforts for human planetary habitation; modern space era.

51.shelter (verb)

English Meaning - protect, shield, safeguard, cover.

52.predominantly (adverb)

English Meaning - primarily, principally, mostly, largely.

53.impetus (noun)

English Meaning - the core driving force or kinetic energy that compels a process to happen or develop far more aggressively; momentum, driving force, catalyst, stimulus.

54.impressive (adjective)

English Meaning - formally evoking intense admiration through undeniable size, quality, scale, or technological skill; remarkable, striking, spectacular, formidable.

55.Artemis Accords (agreement)

English Meaning - A formally established set of non-binding bilateral arrangements between the United States government and participating nations, formulated to outline a framework of core principles for the peaceful, transparent, and sustainable civil exploration of outer space.

56.arrangement (noun)

English Meaning - agreement, pact, treaty, understanding.

57.apparently (adverb)

English Meaning - seemingly, evidently, ostensibly, supposedly.

58.in exchange for (phrase)

English Meaning - in return for, as a trade for, reciprocally, in lieu of.

59.predictability (noun)

English Meaning - reliability, consistency, foreseeability, operational certainty.

60.in full (phrase)

English Meaning - completely, entirely, wholly, thoroughly.

61.assume (verb)

English Meaning - undertake, adopt, take on, shoulder.

62.honour (verb)

English Meaning - fulfill, observe, respect, adhere to.

63.commitment (noun)

English Meaning - pledge, obligation, undertaking, promise.

64.thus (adverb)

English Meaning - therefore, consequently, hence, accordingly.

65.outer space (noun)

English Meaning - the vast, physical cosmic universe extending immediately beyond the Earth’s breathable atmosphere; the cosmos, deep space, the extraterrestrial void, the celestial realm.

66.transparently (adverb)

English Meaning - openly, clearly, visibly, candidly.

67.interoperably (adverb)

English Meaning - compatibly, cooperatively, integratively, cohesively.

68.norm (noun)

English Meaning - standard, rule, convention, guideline.

69.in the way that (phrase)

English Meaning - as, like, similarly to, in the exact manner of.

70.human spaceflight programme (noun)

English Meaning - a massive, official institutional aerospace initiative dedicated to launching, sustaining, and safely returning live human crews in outer space; crewed space initiative, manned space mission framework, human exploration project.

71.Gaganyaan (noun)

English Meaning - India’s inaugural human spaceflight programme developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), officially mandated to demonstrate robust indigenous spaceflight capability by launching a crew into Low Earth Orbit and bringing them safely back to Earth.

72.in the works (phrase)

English Meaning - currently being actively planned, engineered, heavily developed, or logistically prepared; underway, in progress, in development, in the pipeline.

73.space station (noun)

English Meaning - a massive, complex, and continuously crewed artificial satellite specifically utilized as a long-term base for orbital scientific operations; orbital laboratory, space habitat, orbital outpost.

74.payload (noun)

English Meaning - the highly specialized scientific equipment, vital instruments, or crucial technological cargo actively carried by a spacecraft; cargo, freight, scientific cargo.

75.launch (noun)

English Meaning - the highly controlled physical action of vertically sending a spacecraft, rocket, or heavy payload into orbit; liftoff, blast-off, deployment, vertical takeoff.

76.Artemis-Gaganyaan mission (mission)

English Meaning - a strategic bilateral space collaboration securely negotiated between the United States (NASA) and India (ISRO), specifically mandated to integrate deep technological efforts and mutually advance human spaceflight objectives.

77.co-develop (verb)

English Meaning - jointly develop, collaborate on, co-create, partner to engineer.

78.lunar (adjective)

English Meaning - moon-related, celestial, lunar-based, sub-lunar.

79.Accords (noun)

English Meaning - agreements, pacts, treaties, diplomatic protocols.

80.rather than (phrase)

English Meaning - instead of, as opposed to, in place of, more than.

81.start from scratch (phrase)

English Meaning - begin anew, start over, build from the ground up, commence from nothing.

82.in addition to (phrase)

English Meaning - besides, as well as, along with, moreover.