Hindi English Translation || Editorial || Fixing frequencies first: On 5G economic payoff in Budget speech

Fixing frequencies first: On 5G economic payoff in Budget speech

Policymakers must make sure that the 5G economic payoff (भुगतान करें, वापसी, लाभ) will outweigh (से अधिक होना, महत्वपूर्ण साबित होना पल्ला झुकना) the high cost

Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman’s Budget announcement that the Government proposes to conduct the “required spectrum auctions (नीलामी)” in 2022 to facilitate (आसान करना, संभव बनाना, सक्षम बनाना) the roll-out (official launch/introduction) of 5G mobile phone services in fiscal 2022-23 has understandably triggered (उत्प्रेरक, कारण, उत्पन्न करना) speculation (conjecture, guesswork, prediction, supposition) including about the feasibility (साध्यता, व्यावहारिकता) of the timeline (schedule, deadline). The Government’s keenness (eagerness, willingness, readiness, desire/wish) to expedite (शीघ्रता करना, तेज़ करना) the roll-out was framed (ढांचा, तैयार करना, योजना बनाना) by Ms. Sitharaman as being propelled by an appreciation (सराहना, वृद्धि, लाभ) of the latest generation telecommunication technology’s ability to serve (सेवा करना, के रूप में कार्य करें) as an enabler (supporter, facilitator) of economic growth and job creation. Commenting on the Budget announcement, Communications Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw said TRAI was expected to submit its recommendations on the spectrum (it refers to a range of radio-waves that are used for communication purposes) to be set aside (keep, reserve, earmark, withhold, save, reserve, put aside) for 5G by March, adding that the auction for the airwaves (spectrum) would be held soon after. While last week’s flurry (घबराहट, क्रम, उत्तराधिकार) of announcements have raised the possibility that the next auction of telecom spectrum (airwaves; invisible radio frequencies; it refers to a range of electromagnetic (radio) waves that are used for communication purposes (to transmit signals over specific bands). Scientists measure frequencies using hertz, meaning the number of wave cycles per second. Satellites generally transmit on a frequency between 1.5 and 51.5 gigahertz (a gigahertz, or GHz, equals one billion hertz). High-speed broadband operates at the higher end of the spectrum) may be held within the next few months, there is little clarity on the approach the Government plans to take with regard to (के संबंध में, ध्यान से देखते हुए) the crucial issues surrounding the introduction of 5G services. Foremost (सबसे महत्वपूर्ण, सबसे प्रमुख) are questions around the particular frequencies the regulator (an association/statutory body that supervises a particular business activity) is likely to recommend, the Government’s plans on pricing the spectrum, and most crucially, the very viability (ability, practicality, feasibility (to work successfully)) of the new technology, both for the telecom companies and the economy as a whole (all together, as a group). With the financially stressed ((financially) burdened, distressed, worried, troubled) private telecom service provider industry now reduced to a near duopoly (it is used to describe any market where two firms dominate), as Vodafone Idea continues to bleed (drain, deplete, empty, exhaust (resources)) losses and subscribers and even plans to convert some of its outstanding (unpaid, unsettled, payable, overdue, in arrears, in the red) interest dues (fee, levy, charge, payment) to the DoT into an equity stake (the part of a company owned by the holder (a person or organisation) with certain number of shares of stock in that company they have) that will make the Union government the largest shareholder, the sector’s appetite (hunger, strong desire, liking) for the highly capital intensive 5G technology is unlikely (doubtful, implausible, improbable, questionable) to be substantial (sizeable, considerable, significant, large, appreciable) at the moment (at present, now, right now, at this time).

That 5G represents an exponential ((of an increase/growth) rapid, quick, fast) leap ((a sudden and abrupt) change; sudden rise, rapid increase, escalation, surge, revival) in technology is beyond doubt (without uncertainty/question/apprehension/second thought). However, most countries that have commercialised (take advantage of something (an activity) to make a profit) 5G so far (until now, up to the present, up to this point) largely (mostly, mainly, predominantly) find the technology still predominantly deployed as an upgraded replacement for 4G in terms of (with regard to, as regards, concerning, with reference to) end use, with the industrial and public utility (usefulness, use, advantage, benefit, service) applications envisaged (visualize, imagine, envision) still at least a few years away. Also, for the new technology to work at its optimum (most favourable, most advantageous, most appropriate, ideal, perfect) potential (capability, capacity, ability, power) the Government would need to not only offer the key operational frequencies including the below 1 GHz, the C-Band frequencies around 3.5 GHz, and the higher 26 GHz but also crucially enable (allow, permit; prepare, facilitate, activate) the transport or backhaul (In the telecommunication industry, backhaul refers to the part of a satellite network that serves as an intermediate between the main network and the small networks used for distribution to other smaller channels. (Backhaul is a widely known term that describes the link between a baseband and the core network. Fronthaul, on the other hand, connects the baseband to a remote radio unit). (Baseband refers to a single-channel digital system and that single channel is used to communicate with devices on a network. Broadband, on the other hand, is wide bandwidth data transmission which generates an analog carrier frequency, which carries multiple digital signals or multiple channels)) of signals between the base stations and telecom operator’s core network by offering no- to low-cost E-Band airwaves. With the COVID-19 pandemic (the worldwide spread of a new disease; The illness spreads around the world and typically affects a large number of people across a wide area) having shown up the existing mobile networks’ inadequacies (shortfall, deficiency, insufficiency) in terms of reach (capability, capacity; extent/range of something), especially in enabling the delivery of education to remote and rural students, it may make the most sense to delay the introduction of 5G until policymakers are sure its economic payoff will outweigh the high cost.

Courtesy: The Hindu

Important Word List With Meaning

1.payoff (noun)

Hindi Meaning - भुगतान करें, वापसी, लाभ
English Meaning - return, gain, yield.

2.outweigh (verb)

Hindi Meaning - से अधिक होना, महत्वपूर्ण साबित होना पल्ला झुकना
English Meaning - have the edge over, offset, cancel out, outbalance.

3.auction (noun)

Hindi Meaning - नीलामी
English Meaning - the process of determining the selling/buying price of something through a competitive bidding process; bidding.

4.facilitate (verb)

Hindi Meaning - आसान करना, संभव बनाना, सक्षम बनाना
English Meaning - make easy, make possible, enable, assist, help/aid.

5.fiscal year (noun)

Hindi Meaning - वित्तीय वर्ष
English Meaning - financial year.

6.trigger (verb)

Hindi Meaning - उत्प्रेरक, कारण, उत्पन्न करना
English Meaning - cause, produce, bring about, prompt.

7.feasibility (noun)

Hindi Meaning - साध्यता, व्यावहारिकता
English Meaning - practicality, workability, viability.

8.expedite (verb)

Hindi Meaning - शीघ्रता करना, तेज़ करना
English Meaning - speed up, accelerate, step up, quicken.

9.frame (verb)

Hindi Meaning - ढांचा, तैयार करना, योजना बनाना
English Meaning - formulate, draw up, create, plan.

10.appreciation (noun)

Hindi Meaning - सराहना, वृद्धि, लाभ
English Meaning - increase, gain, growth; acknowledgement, recognition, realization, knowledge.

11.serve (verb)

Hindi Meaning - सेवा करना, के रूप में कार्य करें
English Meaning - act as, function as.

12.Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) (noun)

Hindi Meaning - भारतीय दूरसंचार नियामक प्राधिकरण
English Meaning - a statutory body set up by the Government of India under section 3 of the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India Act, 1997. It is the regulator of the telecommunications sector in India.

13.flurry (noun)

Hindi Meaning - घबराहट, क्रम, उत्तराधिकार
English Meaning - spate, series, succession.

14.with regard to (phrase)

Hindi Meaning - के संबंध में, ध्यान से देखते हुए
English Meaning - regarding, concerning, in connection with.

15.foremost (adjective)

Hindi Meaning - सबसे महत्वपूर्ण, सबसे प्रमुख
English Meaning - most important, most prominent, major, notable.

16.(radio) spectrum (noun)

English Meaning - it refers to a range of radio-waves that are used for communication purposes.

17.spectrum (noun)

English Meaning - airwaves; invisible radio frequencies; it refers to a range of electromagnetic (radio) waves that are used for communication purposes (to transmit signals over specific bands). Scientists measure frequencies using hertz, meaning the number of wave cycles per second. Satellites generally transmit on a frequency between 1.5 and 51.5 gigahertz (a gigahertz, or GHz, equals one billion hertz). High-speed broadband operates at the higher end of the spectrum.

18.roll-out (noun)

English Meaning - official launch/introduction.

19.speculation (noun)

English Meaning - conjecture, guesswork, prediction, supposition.

20.timeline (noun)

English Meaning - schedule, deadline.

21.keenness (noun)

English Meaning - eagerness, willingness, readiness, desire/wish.

22.propel (verb)

English Meaning - spur, drive, prompt, catapult, motivate.

23.enabler (noun)

English Meaning - supporter, facilitator.

24.set aside (phrasal verb)

English Meaning - keep, reserve, earmark, withhold, save, reserve, put aside.

25.airwaves (noun)

English Meaning - spectrum.

26.regulator (noun)

English Meaning - an association/statutory body that supervises a particular business activity.

27.viability (noun)

English Meaning - ability, practicality, feasibility (to work successfully).

28.as a whole (phrase)

English Meaning - all together, as a group.

29.stressed (adjective)

English Meaning - (financially) burdened, distressed, worried, troubled.

30.financial distress (noun)

English Meaning - a term commonly used in corporate finance that describes any situation where an individual’s or company’s financial condition leaves them struggling to pay their bills.

31.duopoly (noun)

English Meaning - it is used to describe any market where two firms dominate.

32.bleed (verb)

English Meaning - drain, deplete, empty, exhaust (resources).

32.outstanding (adjective)

English Meaning - unpaid, unsettled, payable, overdue, in arrears, in the red.

34.dues (noun)

English Meaning - fee, levy, charge, payment.

35.The Department of Telecommunications (DoT) (noun)

English Meaning - The Department of Telecommunication (DoT) works under the aegis (support & guidance) of the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology. The Department of Telecom has been formulating developmental policies for the accelerated growth of the telecommunication services.

36.equity stake (noun)

English Meaning - the part of a company owned by the holder (a person or organisation) with certain number of shares of stock in that company they have.

37.appetite (noun)

English Meaning - hunger, strong desire, liking.

38.high-capital intensive (adjective)

English Meaning - referring to the industries/companies that require large upfront capital investments (in machinery, plant & equipment in order to produce goods or services in high volumes and maintain higher levels of profit margins and return on investments).

39.unlikely (adjective)

English Meaning - doubtful, implausible, improbable, questionable.

40.substantial (adjective)

English Meaning - sizeable, considerable, significant, large, appreciable.

41.at the moment (phrase)

English Meaning - at present, now, right now, at this time.

42.exponential (adjective)

English Meaning - (of an increase/growth) rapid, quick, fast.

43.leap (noun)

English Meaning - (a sudden and abrupt) change; sudden rise, rapid increase, escalation, surge, revival.

44.exponential growth/leap or quantum growth/leap (noun)

English Meaning - it is simply about experiencing growth beyond your current situation and growing exponentially (very rapidly). breakthrough, development, huge success.

45.beyond doubt (phrase)

English Meaning - without uncertainty/question/apprehension/second thought.

46.commercialise (verb)

English Meaning - take advantage of something (an activity) to make a profit.

47.so far (phrase)

English Meaning - until now, up to the present, up to this point.

48.largely (adverb)

English Meaning - mostly, mainly, predominantly

49.deploy (verb)

English Meaning - use, utilize, employ, make use of.

50.in terms of (phrase)

English Meaning - with regard to, as regards, concerning, with reference to.

51.utility (noun)

English Meaning - usefulness, use, advantage, benefit, service.

52.public utility (noun)

English Meaning - an organization (supplying water, gas, power & etc.).

53.envisage (verb)

English Meaning - visualize, imagine, envision.

54.optimum (adjective)

English Meaning - most favourable, most advantageous, most appropriate, ideal, perfect.

55.potential (noun)

English Meaning - capability, capacity, ability, power.

56.C band (mid-band) (noun)

English Meaning - The C band is a designation by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in the microwave range of frequencies ranging from 4.0 to 8.0 gigahertz (GHz); However, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) designated 3.7-4.2 GHz as C band. The C-Band (3.4 - 4.2 GHz) is a cornerstone/basis for many satellite services; This C-band (or mid-band) is the best RF spectrum for 5G deployment as well. The protection of the existing satellite systems operating in the C-band is crucial while allocating C-band frequencies to the upcoming 5G deployment, and to accomplish this, suitable spectrum sharing mechanisms need to be investigated.

57.enable (verb)

English Meaning - allow, permit; prepare, facilitate, activate.

58.backhaul (noun)

English Meaning - In the telecommunication industry, backhaul refers to the part of a satellite network that serves as an intermediate between the main network and the small networks used for distribution to other smaller channels. (Backhaul is a widely known term that describes the link between a baseband and the core network. Fronthaul, on the other hand, connects the baseband to a remote radio unit). (Baseband refers to a single-channel digital system and that single channel is used to communicate with devices on a network. Broadband, on the other hand, is wide bandwidth data transmission which generates an analog carrier frequency, which carries multiple digital signals or multiple channels).

59.E-Band spectrum/airwaves (noun)

English Meaning - the range of radio frequencies from 60 GHz to 90 GHz in the electromagnetic spectrum. Signals in this frequency range have very short wavelengths from 3.33 mm to 5 mm. The short wavelengths give signals at these frequency directional properties and thus this band is widely used for RF/Microwave backhaul links.

60.pandemic (noun)

English Meaning - the worldwide spread of a new disease; The illness spreads around the world and typically affects a large number of people across a wide area.

61.show up (phrasal verb)

English Meaning - expose, reveal, bring to light, lay bare, make obvious, manifest.

62.inadequacy (noun)

English Meaning - shortfall, deficiency, insufficiency.

 
63.reach (noun)

English Meaning - capability, capacity; extent/range of something.

64.make sense (phrase)

English Meaning - be accepted, be convincing, hold up, prove true.