NTA CUET 2023 : Syllabus

NTA CUET 2023 : Syllabus

Unit I: Reproduction

Reproduction in organisms : Reproduction,acharacteristic feature of all organisms for continuation of species; Modes of reproduction – Asexual and sexual; Asexual reproduction; Modes- Binary fission, sporulation, budding, gemmule, fragmentation; vegetative propagationin plants.

Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: Flower structure; Development of male and female gametophytes; Pollination–types, agencies and examples; Outbreedings devices; Pollen-Pistil interaction; Double fertilization; Post fertilization events– Development of endosperm and embryo, Development of seed and formation of fruit; Special modes– apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance ofseed andfruitformation.

Human Reproduction: Male and female reproductive systems; Microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; Gametogenesis- spermatogenesis & oogenesis; Menstrual cycle; Fertilisation, embryo development upto blastocyst formation, implantation; Pregnancy and placenta formation (Elementary idea); Parturition (Elementaryidea);Lactation (Elementaryidea).

Reproductive health: Need for reproductive health and prevention ofsexually transmitted diseases(STD); Birth control- Need and Methods, Contraception and Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP); Amniocentesis; Infertility and assisted reproductive technologies – IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (Elementary idea for general awareness).

Unit II: Genetics andEvolution

Heredity and variation: Mendelian Inheritance; Deviations from Mendelism– Incomplete dominance, Co-dominance, Multiple alleles and Inheritance of blood groups, Pleiotropy; Elementary idea of polygenicinheritance; Chromosome theory of inheritance; Chromosomes and enes; Sex determination–In humans,birds,honeybee; Link age and crossing over; Sex linked inheritance- Haemophilia, Colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in humans– Thalassemia; Chromosomal disordersin humans; Down’ssyndrome, Turner’s and Klinefelter’s syndromes.

Molecular Basisof Inheritance: Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; Structureo f DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; Central dogma; Transcription, genetic code,translation;Gene expression and regulation–Lac Operon; Genome and human genome project; DNA fingerprinting.

Evolution: Origin of life; Biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution (Paleontological, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular evidence); Darwin’s contribution, Modern Synthetic theory of Evolution; Mechanism of evolution– Variation(Mutation and Recombination) and Natural Selection with examples, types of natural selection;Gene flow and genetic dirft; Hardy-Weinberg’sprinciple; Adaptive Radiation; Human evolution.

Unit III: Biology and Human Welfare

Health and Disease: Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (Malaria, Filariasis, Ascariasis, Typhoid, Pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ring worm); Basic concepts of immunology–vaccines;Cancer, HIV and AIDs;Adolescence, drug and alcohol abuse.

Improvement in food production: Plant breeding, tissue culture,single cell protein, Biofortification; Apiculture and Animal husbandry.

Microbes in human welfare: In household food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation and as biocontrol agents and biofertilizers.

Unit IV: Biotechnology and Its Applications

Principles and process of Biotechnology : Genetic engineering (Recombinant DNA technology).

Application of Biotechnology in health and agriculture: Human insulin and vaccine production, genetherapy; Genetically modified organisms - Bt crops; Transgenic Animals; Bio safety issues–Biopiracy and patents.

Unit V: Ecology and environment

Organisms and environment: Habitat and niche; Population and ecological adaptations; Populationinteractions– mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; Population attributes–growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution.

Ecosystems: Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition; Energy flow; Pyramids of number,biomass, energy; Nutrient cycling (carbon and phosphorous); Ecological succession; Ecological Services– Carbon fixation, pollination,oxygenrelease.

Biodiversity and its conservation: Concept of Biodiversity;Patterns of Biodiversity; Importance of Biodiversity; Loss of Biodiversity; Biodiversity conservation; Hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, Red Data Book, biosphere reserves,National parks and sanctuaries.

Environmental issues: Air pollution and its control; Water pollution and its control; Agrochemicals and their effects; Solid waste management; Radioactive waste management; Greenhouse effect and global warming; Ozone depletion; Deforestation; Any three case studies as success stories addressing environmental issues.