Logical Reasoning Test - 10

The study of butterflies is known as Lepidopterology. Similarly, the study of maps is known as Cartography.

We first need to read the statement carefully and then see what immediate assumptions can be drawn based on our first reading. The next step is to look at the assumptions given in the options, analyze them and see if they seem relevant with respect to the information/data provided to us.

The statement talks about a situation where a particular patient’s condition would get better after doing a particular operation.

Assumption I is an implicit one as it is in a positive tone and it is also clear that the patient is in a fit condition to be operated.

Assumption II says that the patient can’t be operated on in this condition which is nowhere mentioned as well as has got no such connection with the statement given.

So, Only assumption I is implicit.

If such consent was caused by misrepresentation or by silence, fraudulent within the meaning of section 17, the contract, nevertheless, is not voidable, if the party whose consent was so caused had the means of discovering the truth with ordinary diligence.

Fraud or misrepresentation which did not cause the consent to a contract of the party on whom such fraud was practiced, or to whom such misrepresentation was made, does not render a contract voidable.

According to Section 13 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872 two or more persons are said to be in consent when they agree on the same thing in the same sense. This means that the two parties must have the same understanding with regard to the subject matter of the contract.

A, being in debt to B, the money-lender of his village, contracts a fresh loan on terms that appear to be unconscionable. This will be termed as undue influence.

Undue influence is an equitable doctrine that involves one person taking advantage of a position of power over another person. This inequity in power between the parties can vitiate one party's consent as they are unable to freely exercise their independent will.

The sale or liquidation of assets by the government, usually Central and State public sector enterprises, projects, or other fixed assets is called Disinvestment.

Disinvestment:

• The government undertakes disinvestment to reduce the fiscal burden on the exchequer, or to raise money for meeting specific needs, such as to bridge the revenue shortfall from other regular sources.
• Strategic disinvestment is the transfer of the ownership and control of a public sector entity to some other entity (mostly to a private sector entity).
• Unlike simple disinvestment, strategic sale implies a kind of privatization.
• The disinvestment commission defines strategic sale as the sale of a substantial portion of the Government shareholding of a central public sector enterprise (CPSE) of up to 50%, or such a higher percentage as the competent authority may determine, along with transfer of management control.
• The Department of Investment and Public Asset Management (DIPAM) under the Ministry of Finance is the nodal department for the strategic stake sale in the Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs).

Section 68 of the Companies Act, 2013 provides the power of company to purchase its own securities. Provided that no buy-back of any kind of shares or other specified securities shall be made out of the proceeds of an earlier issue of the same kind of shares or same kind of other specified securities.

The famous Kesavananda Bharati (1973) case was associated with the Amenability of the Preamble.

Eloquent and Inarticulate are exactly opposite in meaning. Eloquent means fluent or persuasive in speaking or writing, whereas Inarticulate means unable to express one's ideas or feelings clearly or easily, opposite of Inarticulate.

Similarly, Obsolete and Current are opposite to each other in meaning. Obsolete means no longer produced or used; out of date, whereas Current is up to date, exactly opposite to Obsolete.

Clearly, the penalty is imposed to prevent people from misusing the alarm chain. This means that some people misuse it. So, I is implicit. The alarm chain is provided to stop the running train in times of urgency. So, II is also implicit.