Chemistry Test - 10

Minamata disease is a disorder caused by methyl mercury poisoning that was first described in the inhabitants of Minamata Bay, Japan and resulted from their eating fish contaminated with mercury industrial waste.

Compounds which have different arrangements of atoms in space while having same atoms bonded to each other are said to havestereoisomerism.

Stereoisomerism, or spatial isomerism, is a form of isomerism in which molecules have the same molecular formula and sequence of bonded atoms (constitution), but differ in the three-dimensional orientations of their atoms in space.

The process of distillation is based on the difference in the boiling points of the liquids. This is because, liquids having different boiling points vaporize at different temperatures. In this way, the vapors cooled can be collected separately from the liquid formed. Crystallization is used to separate volatile liquids from non-volatile liquids as well.

All ortho-para directing groups except halogens activate the ring.

Not all meta-directing groups have \(\pi\) -bond on the atom directly attached to the ring.

Examples include \(-\mathrm{N}^{+} {R}_{3},-\mathrm{N}^{+} {H}_{3},-{C} {C} l_{3} \)

All meta directing groups are deactivating.

On moving down the group, the electronegativity of halogens decrease in the order \(\mathrm{F}_{2}>\mathrm{Cl}_{2}>\mathrm{Br}>\mathrm{I}_{2}\). So, the option (A) is correct.

On moving down the group, the bond dissociation energy of halogens decrease in the order \(\mathrm{Cl}_{2}>\mathrm{Br}_{2}>\mathrm{F}_{2}>\mathrm{I}_{2}\). So, the option (B) is incorrect.

On moving down the group, the oxidizing power of halogens decrease in the order \(\mathrm{F}_{2}>\mathrm{Cl}_{2}>\mathrm{Br}_{2}>\mathrm{I}_{2}\). So, the option (C) is correct.

The acidic property of hydrogen halides in water decrease in the direction \(\mathrm{HI}>\mathrm{HBr}>\mathrm{HCl}>\) HF. Thus, the option (D) is correct.

\(A l ^{+3}+ 3 e ^{-} \rightarrow A l\)

\(3\) Faraday of electricity will produce \(1\) mol \(Al\)

\(C u ^{+2}+ 2 e ^{-} \rightarrow C u\)

\(2\) Faraday electricity produces \(1\) mol \(C u\)

\(3\) Faraday electricity produces \(\frac{3}{2}\) mol \(Cu\)

\(N a ^{+}+ e ^{-} \rightarrow N a\)

\(1\) Faraday electricity produces \(1\) mol \(N a\)

\(3\) Faraday electricity produces \(3\) mol \(N a\)

Ratio \(=1: \frac{3}{2}: 3\)

\(\therefore\) Required ratio is \(1: 1.5: 3\)

The degree of freedom of a rigid diatomic gas (f) = 5

$C_v=\frac{fR}{2}=\frac{5R}{2}$

$C_p=\frac{\left(f+2\right)R}{2}=\frac{7R}{2}$

So ratio $=\frac{C_p}{C_v}=\frac{\left(\frac{7R}{2}\right)}{\left(\frac{5R}{2}\right)}=\frac{7}{5}=1.4$

The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation describes the derivation of \(\mathrm{pH}\) as a measure of acidity (using \(\mathrm{pK}_{\mathrm{a}}\), the negative \(\log\) of the acid dissociation constant) in biological and chemical systems. The equation is also useful for estimating the \(\mathrm{pH}\) of a buffer solution and finding the equilibrium \(\mathrm{pH}\) in acid-base reactions.

Henderson's Equations is:

\(\mathrm{pH}=\mathrm{pK}_{\mathrm{a}}+\frac{\text { [salt] }}{\text { [acid] }}\)

Group\(13\) elements group’s elements have smaller atomic radii.

Group \(13\) elements have smaller atomic radii and ionic radii than those of alkaline earth metals and alkali metals due to the greater effective nuclear charge, atomic radii increases on going down the group with an abnormality at gallium.

A seperatory funnel is used in differential extraction. Differential extraction involves separating the immiscible organic compound from the aqueous solvent. The separating funnel aids in this process of separating immiscible liquids. It also helps in layer formation, with the denser solvent at the bottom and the other on top. This layer formation is important for the process, and thus, separatory funnel is chosen as the apparatus for differential extraction.