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Probability Test - 5

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Probability Test - 5
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  • Question 1
    3 / -1

    The ratio of number of officers and ladies in the Scorpion Squadron and in the Gunners Squadron are 3 : 1 and 2 : 5 respectively. An individual is selected to be the chairperson of their association. The chance that this individual is selected from the Scorpions is 2/3. Find the probability that the chairperson will be an officer

    Solution

    (2/3) x (3/4) + (1/3) x (2/7) = (1/2) + (2/21) = (25/42)

  • Question 2
    3 / -1

    A speaks the truth 3 out o f 4 times, and B 5 out o f 6 times. What is the probability that they will contradict each other in stating the same fact?

    Solution

    They will contradict each other if: A is true and B is false or A is false and B is true.

    (3/4) x (1/6) + (1/4) x (5/6) = 1/3.

  • Question 3
    3 / -1

    If 4 whole numbers are taken at random and multiplied together, what is the chance that the last digit in the product is 1, 3, 7 or 9?

    Solution

    The whole numbers selected can only be 1, 3, 7 or 9 and cannot contain 2, 4, 6, 8, 0 or 5.

  • Question 4
    3 / -1

    A life insurance company insured 25,000 young boys, 14,000 young girls and 16,000 young adults. The probability of death within 10 years of a young boy, young girl and a young adult are 0.02, 0.03 and 0.15 respectively. One of the insured persons dice. What is the probability that the dead person is a young boy?

    Solution

    The required probability will be given by the expression:

  • Question 5
    3 / -1

    In a bag there are 12 black and 6 white balls. Two balls are chosen at random and the first one is found to be black. The probability that the second one is also black is:

    Solution

    11/17 (if the first one is black, there will be 11 black balls left out of 17)

  • Question 6
    3 / -1

    Three of the six vertices of a regular hexagon are chosen at random. The probability that the triangle with these vertices is equilateral is

    Solution

    There will be 6C3 triangles formed overall. Out of these visualise the number of equilateral triangles.

  • Question 7
    3 / -1

    A pair of fair dice are rolled together till a sum of either 5 or 7 is obtained. The probability that 5 comes before 7 is

    Solution

    We do not have to consider any sum other than 5 or 7 occurring.
    A sum of 5 can be obtained by any of [4 + 1, 3 + 2, 2 + 3, 1 + 4]
    Similarly a sum of 7 can be obtained by any of [6 + 1, 5 + 2, 4 + 3, 3 + 4, 2 + 5, 1 + 6]
    For 6: n(E) = 4, n(S) = 6 + 4 P = 0.4
    For 7: n(E) = 6 n(S) = 6 + 4 P = 0.6

  • Question 8
    3 / -1

    Out of a pack of 52 cards one is lost; from the remainder of the pack, two cards are drawn and are found to be spades. Find the chance that the missing card is a spade.

    Solution

    This problem has to be treated as if we are selecting the third card out of the 50 remaining cards. 11 of these are spades.
    Hence, 11/50.

  • Question 9
    3 / -1

    Counters marked 1, 2, 3 are placed in a bag and one of them is withdrawn and replaced. The operation being repeated three times, what is the chance of obtaining a total of 6 in these three operations?

    Solution

    A total o f 6 can be obtained by either (1 + 2 + 3) or by (2 + 2 + 2).

  • Question 10
    3 / -1

    The probability of a bomb hitting a bridge is 1/2 and two direct hits are needed to destroy it. The least number of bombs required so that the probability of the bridge being destroyed is greater than 0.9 is:

    Solution

    Try to find the number of ways in which 0 or 1 bomb hits the bridge if n bombs are thrown.
    The required value of the number of bombs will be such that the probability of 0 or 1 bomb hitting the bridge should be less than 0.1.

  • Question 11
    3 / -1

    If a number is selected at random from the first 50 natural numbers, what will be the probability that the selected number is a multiple of 3 and 4?

    Solution

    Explanation: We have first 50 natural numbers.

    There are four common multiples of 3 and 4 from the first 50 natural numbers that are = 12, 24, 36, 48

    So, P(multiple of 3 and 4) = 4/50 or 2/25

    Hence, the correct option is 'A'.

  • Question 12
    3 / -1

    A bag contains 15 tickets numbered 1 to 15. A ticket is drawn and replaced. Then one more ticket is drawn and replaced. The probability that first number drawn is even and second is odd is

    Solution

    In the first draw, we have 7 even tickets out of 15 and in the second we have 8 odd tickets out of 15.
    Thus, (7/15) x (8/15) = 56/225.

  • Question 13
    3 / -1

    AMS employs 8 professors on their staff. Their respective probability of remaining in employment for 10 years are 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9. The probability that after 10 years at least 6 of them still work in AMS is

    Solution

    Event definition: Any six of them work AND four leave OR any seven work AND three leave OR any eight work AND two leave OR any nine work AND one leaves OR All ten work.

  • Question 14
    3 / -1

    Three numbers are chosen at random without replacement from (1, 2, 3 ..., 10). The probability that the minimum number is 3 or the maximum number is 7 is

    Solution

  • Question 15
    3 / -1

    If from each of three boxes containing 3 white and 1 black, 2 white and 2 black, 1 white and 3 black balls, one ball is drawn at random, then the probability that 2 white and 1 black ball will be drawn is

    Solution

    There are three ways draw 2 white balls and 1 black ball from the three boxes. They are:

    Scenario 1: white ball from box 1, white ball from box 2, black ball from box 3

    Scenario 2: white ball from box 1, black ball from box 2, white ball from box 3

    Scenario 3: black ball from box 1, white ball from box 2, white ball from box 3

    For box #1: P(white ball) = 3/4 = 0.75 and P(black ball) = 1/4 = 0.25

    For box #2: P(white ball) = 2/4 = 0.5 and P(black ball)= 2/4 = 0.5

    For box #3: P(white ball) = 1/4 = 0.25 and P(black ball) = 3/4 = 0.75

    The probability of scenario 1 occurring is 0.75 * 0.5 * 0.75 = 0.28125

    The probability of scenario 2 occurring is 0.75 * 0.5 * 0.25 = 0.09375

    The probability of scenario 3 occurring is 0.25 * 0.5 * 0.25 = 0.03125

    Thus, the probability that 2 white balls and 1 black ball will be drawn is P(scenario 1) + P(scenario 2) + P(scenario 3) = 0.28125 + 0.09375 + 0.03125 = 0.40625 = 13/32

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