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Reading Comprehension Test 1

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Reading Comprehension Test 1
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0

    Directions For Questions

    [passage-header]Read the passage and answer the question that follows:
    [/passage-header]Given overwhelming evidence for the primacy of socio-cultural factors in determining both drinking patterns and their consequences, it is clear that ethnographic research findings on the social and cultural roles of alcohol may have important implications for policy-makers - particularly in areas such as Europe where economic and political 'convergence' could have significant impact on drinking cultures and their associated lifestyles.
    In this context, it is essential for those concerned with policy and legislation on alcohol to have a clear understanding of the socio-cultural functions and meanings of drinking. This passage outlines principal conclusions that can be drawn from the available cross-cultural material regarding the symbolic uses of alcoholic beverages, the social functions of drinking places and the roles of alcohol in transitional and celebratory rituals.
    From the ethnographic material available, it is clear that in all cultures where more than one type of alcoholic beverage is available, drinks are classified in terms of their social meaning and the classification of drinks is used to define the social world. Few, if any, alcoholic beverages are 'socially neutral': every drink is loaded with symbolic meaning, every drink conveys a message. Alcohol is a symbolic vehicle for identifying, describing, constructing, and manipulating cultural systems, values, interpersonal relationships, behavioral norms, and expectations. Choice of beverage is rarely a matter of personal taste.
    At the simplest level, drinks are used to define the nature of the occasion. In many Western cultures, for example, champagne is synonymous with celebration, such that if champagne is ordered or served at an otherwise 'ordinary' occasion, someone will invariably ask "What are we celebrating?"
    In the Weiner Becken in Austria, sekt is drunk on formal occasions, while schnapps is reserved for more intimate, convivial gatherings - the type of drink served defines both the nature of the event and the social relationship among the drinkers. The choice of the drink also dictates behavior to the extent that the appearance of a bottle of schnapps can prompt a switch from the 'polite' form of address to the highly intimate one.

    ...view full instructions

    According to the author,
    Solution
    '...the classification of drinks Is used to define the social world.' This extract from the given passage conveys the view of the author about drinks and the classification of drinks. Therefore, the correct option is: C) Drinks are classified in order to define the social world.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    The second sentence is missing in the following. Choose the appropriate option that completes it.
    A: Sheela woke up late.
    B: ___________________ .
    C: So, by the time she reached school, the class had already started.
    Solution
    The correct answer is Option C.
    The correct answer is the sentence that forms a link between the first and the third sentence.
    Option C is the correct alternative because from the first and third sentence it is clear that as she woke up late, she could not reach her school on time and it had already started. So, the most logical alternative is option C. She missed her bus so she reached late. The missing sentence correctly forms a link between the first and the third sentence.
    Option A is incorrect because it is clear that Sheela woke up late in the first sentence. Hence ‘she got ready’ is not suitable as the second alternative as it doesn’t complete the meaning of the sentences.
    Option B is incorrect because ‘she got ready in a hurry’ is relatively appropriate but not the best fit for the second alternative as it does not link the two sentences.
    Option D is incorrect ‘she had breakfast’ does not complete the meaning of the next sentence.
    Hence option C is the correct answer. 
  • Question 3
    1 / -0

    Directions For Questions

    [passage-header]Read the following passage and answer the mentioned question:[/passage-header]
    'We are living in the golden age of answer'. Of course information is not knowledge or wisdom, and data can mislead. Profusion of online information can be distracting or even useless. Privacy can also be a problem in a digital world where everything you've clicked can be used to sell things to you, evaluate you or embarrass you. Your iphone or computer can provide information to others that you might prefer to keep to yourself. But revolutions always cause some damages. Things do get lost in the ocean of information. We no longer bother to remember stuff we can easily look up. We don't search for addresses as we use the GPS. We spend more time connecting with friends on Facebook than connecting with real friends. Still, pop-up ads, internet frauds and other inconveniences are a small price to pay for instant access to infinite information. Today we have better tools for searching, analysing or evaluating through data than before. And what's most exciting about our age of answers is its potential to change the quality of our lives. 

    ...view full instructions

    The passage primarily discusses:
    Solution

    The correct answer regarding the passage is Option D.

    The passage mentioned above mentions points from both sides of the coin, which evaluates the age of technology as it is. It gives an insight to how technology can act as a guide to all the information that one needs. It is easily accessible as well, and quite cost effective, making it far reaching and good. While on the other side, privacy has been compromised as the cost for the same. The passage goes to explain how one doesn’t mind even if something happens while on the quest in this age of information.

    Thus, in Option A and B, individual features of pros and cons are described and Option C talks about the age of technology.

    The correct answer, though, is Option D, which speaks of all the above mentioned three Options and sums it up completely.

  • Question 4
    1 / -0

    Directions For Questions

    [passage-header]Read the following passage and answer the question given after it:[/passage-header]
    The loudest public food fight right now is about GMOs or genetically modified organisms. Scientists add genes to corn, soya beans, and other plants, usually to protect the crops from insects of herbicides. Those who support this say that the genetic help makes crops easier to grow and cheaper. But many consumers and those who keep an eye on food-safety worry that GMOs pose an unnatural threat to our health and the environment. These opponents say the GMOs have been linked to depression, allergies and even cancer. Unless we have been eating food labelled 100 percent organic - which means that is must be GMO-free - we probably have GMOs in our body system already!

    ...view full instructions

    Select the option that best completes the sentence:
    Adding genes to crops will _______________
    Solution

    The correct answer to complete the sentence is Option B.

    The passage mainly speaks about GMO (Genetically Modified Organisms), and its effects if consumed by humans. While one section of the people say that genetic techniques are helping the food industry, the others, especially people associated with food safety, say otherwise.

    In the second sentence itself, it is mentioned that the GMOs are added to the food to keep the food protected from insects of herbicides, which is mentioned in Option B.

    The other Options A, C and D are not mentioned even once in the paragraph, hence making them null in completing the sentence.

  • Question 5
    1 / -0

    Directions For Questions

    [passage-header]Read the passage given below and answer the question that follows:[/passage-header]Years ago, people woke up to find sparrows chirping in their backyard. A noisy lot, they took grains right from your hand if you had befriended them. They got over their fear easily and demanded food or water with their loud chirping if you had forgotten to give them their regular share of food. Tiny pink beaks opened to morsels of food or worms sometimes regurgitated by the parent birds. We had a splendid time watching the bird family bond and as children sat gazing at them as they picked up grain or splashed about us in muddy water. Many people have written poems and lyrics on sparrows, their noisy chirps, their friendly nature, and their spotty feathers. Sparrows were a menace on the fields. There were guards with slings and stones to chase them away as they ate grain from standing crops. Now people are trying to woo them back to nature.

    ...view full instructions

    The author calls sparrow a friendly bird because ______. 
    Solution
    We had a splendid time. . . . their spotty feathers, these lines imply that sparrows have always been around humans and humans have enjoyed gazing at them and have even written poems about them. Therefore, the correct answer is option D, 'they have been among humans always'. The other three options are a subset of option D.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0

    Directions For Questions

    [passage-header]Read the following passage and answer the question given after it:[/passage-header]
    The loudest public food fight right now is about GMOs or genetically modified organisms. Scientists add genes to corn, soya beans, and other plants, usually to protect the crops from insects of herbicides. Those who support this say that the genetic help makes crops easier to grow and cheaper. But many consumers and those who keep an eye on food-safety worry that GMOs pose an unnatural threat to our health and the environment. These opponents say the GMOs have been linked to depression, allergies and even cancer. Unless we have been eating food labelled 100 percent organic - which means that is must be GMO-free - we probably have GMOs in our body system already!

    ...view full instructions

    The "______loudest public food fight ________" suggests that.
    Solution

    The correct answer to complete the sentence is Option D.

    The passage mainly speaks about GMO(Genetically Modified Organisms), and its effects if consumed by humans. While one section of the people say that genetic techniques are helping the food industry, the others, specially the food safety people, say otherwise.

    The first sentence itself speaks about the unrest that is waging an argument between two sections, i.e., the people who support GMO and the others who don’t. Of the many public outbursts regarding food safety and other norms, the one including GMO is the latest, which is mentioned in Option D

    The other options, A, B and C, describe public, scientists and GMO’s competition and fights which is not described in the passage.

  • Question 7
    1 / -0

    Directions For Questions

    [passage-header]Read the passage and accordingly, fill in the blank:[/passage-header]For Abid Surti, Sunday is no day of rest. He is busy going door to door volunteering with an assistant and a plumber. They are in an apartment building in Mumbai's densely populated suburb filled with high-rise buildings. He rings doorbells and asks residents the same question, 'Any leaky taps? We are providing a free service.' Surti is a multifaceted 79-year-old man. A national award-winning author, he has written some 80 books-novels, plays, and collection of short stories and poems. He is also an artist and a cartoonist. In 2007, Surti started Drop Dead Foundation, a water conservation NGO that caters to the buildings in Mira Road, fixing leaky plumbing for free. With water shortages and the prospects of taps running dry in Mumbai, Surti's work is vital. 'Massive' is how he describes water wastage in Mumbai. 'In poor families, they can't afford to pay a plumber but in most middle-class families, the problem is one of sheer indifference. 'Indeed it was the apathy of a friend that first spurred Surti into action. While visiting a friend's house, Surti saw a leaking tap and asked why it wasn't fixed, his friend casually dismissed the query, saying it was hard to get a plumber 'for something so trivial.'

    ...view full instructions

    Surti's primary mission is to ________. 
    Solution

    The correct answer for the question asked is Option B.

    The passage talks about the National award winning author, Abid Surti and his efforts towards ensuring one of the major problems that Mumbai, as well as the world in a macro aspect is facing right now: Water wastage. The reason, why he does this and how far reaching his efforts are, forms the crux of the passage.

    Option B, speaks of checking water wastage, which is clear from his efforts of going from door to door, to check whether there are any cases of loose pipes. This is an initiative towards ensuring less water wastage.

    The other options A, C and D are not in accordance with what Mr. Surti actually aims to do, but are only branches of what his mission actually is, hence eliminating them as answers.

  • Question 8
    1 / -0

    Directions For Questions

    [passage-header]Read the passage and accordingly, fill in the blank:[/passage-header]For Abid Surti, Sunday is no day of rest. He is busy going door to door volunteering with an assistant and a plumber. They are in an apartment building in Mumbai's densely populated suburb filled with high-rise buildings. He rings doorbells and asks residents the same question, 'Any leaky taps? We are providing a free service.' Surti is a multifaceted 79-year-old man. A national award-winning author, he has written some 80 books-novels, plays, and collection of short stories and poems. He is also an artist and a cartoonist. In 2007, Surti started Drop Dead Foundation, a water conservation NGO that caters to the buildings in Mira Road, fixing leaky plumbing for free. With water shortages and the prospects of taps running dry in Mumbai, Surti's work is vital. 'Massive' is how he describes water wastage in Mumbai. 'In poor families, they can't afford to pay a plumber but in most middle-class families, the problem is one of sheer indifference. 'Indeed it was the apathy of a friend that first spurred Surti into action. While visiting a friend's house, Surti saw a leaking tap and asked why it wasn't fixed, his friend casually dismissed the query, saying it was hard to get a plumber 'for something so trivial.'

    ...view full instructions

    People may be more willing to accept Surti's services as he ________.
    Solution

    The most appropriate answer to complete the sentence is Option A.

    In the first paragraph itself, there is a mention about Mr. Abid Surti going door to door along with a plumber and an assistant. The passage clearly states the willingness of people when the services offered are free, and that too something of least importance according to them. Another reason is the fact that certain lower class families cannot afford to pay for a plumber, and here they get a chance to hire one for free.

    Thus, as mentioned in Option A, people are willing to accept services by Mr. Surti, in the assistance of a plumber.

    The other options B, C and D, are not the reasons why people are more willing to accept Surit's services (at least we do not have the evidence to prove that in the passage) hence eliminating them as answers.

  • Question 9
    1 / -0

    Directions For Questions

    Read the passage and accordingly, fill in the blank:
    Jyoti lived with her mother in a small village. From a young age, she had witnessed her mother, a widow, being ill-treated by the villagers. But when she was in high school she began to understand things. She couldn't take the insults to her mother anymore. She decided to change the way widows were viewed in village society. Jyoti started a "Widow Empowerment Campaign". She spoke to village elders and knocked on two hundred doors to spread her message. She learned to organize street plays which she used to make people aware about the plight of widows. 
    Naturally her ideas were not acceptable to the society entrenched in tradition. People pushed her out of their houses and refused to listen to what she had to say. But she went on relentlessly without faltering. Today, widows are allowed go out of their homes like others. Many, including her mother, are now employed at organizations and literacy centres.

    ...view full instructions

    The story of Jyoti is an illustration of ______.
    Solution
    Option A, B and C are partially correct. Option D provides the complete solution. It is mention in the passage that Jyoti started a campaign and that is what a crusade means 'a vigorous campaign for political, social, or religious change'. Option D captures the essence of the given passage completely, while others do that partially.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0

    Directions For Questions

    Read the passage and accordingly, fill in the blank:
    Jyoti lived with her mother in a small village. From a young age, she had witnessed her mother, a widow, being ill-treated by the villagers. But when she was in high school she began to understand things. She couldn't take the insults to her mother anymore. She decided to change the way widows were viewed in village society. Jyoti started a "Widow Empowerment Campaign". She spoke to village elders and knocked on two hundred doors to spread her message. She learned to organize street plays which she used to make people aware about the plight of widows. 
    Naturally her ideas were not acceptable to the society entrenched in tradition. People pushed her out of their houses and refused to listen to what she had to say. But she went on relentlessly without faltering. Today, widows are allowed go out of their homes like others. Many, including her mother, are now employed at organizations and literacy centres.

    ...view full instructions

    A major factor in Jyoti's success seems to be _______.
    Solution
    Her own courage and determination were the major factors in her success. The other options are only partially true.
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