Metals and Non-metals Test - 15

Rusting of iron takes place in distilled as well as ordinary water. Water helps iron react with oxygen by breaking up the oxygen molecule. During the initial stages of rusting, iron loses electrons and oxygen gains electrons. One of the most common iron oxides is iron (III) oxide, known as rust. The chemical formula for rust is Fe₂O₃. Rust is formed when iron reacts with oxygen in moist air. The following chemical equation represents the reaction: 4Fe+3O₂→2Fe2O_3.

Sodium is a very reactive metal that reacts quickly when exposed to air or water, so it needs to be stored in oil. It is kept in kerosene, if this happens; it will react with the moisture present in air and form sodium hydroxide. This is a strongly exothermic reaction, and lot of heat is generated.

Solid ionic compounds do not conduct electricity because there are no free mobile ions or electrons, ionic compounds dissolved in water make an electrically conductive solution.

Metals are shiny when cut, scratched, or polished; Metals are Solid at room temperature except mercury.

Non-metals are generally solid or gas, non-lustrous, non-sonorous, bad conductor of heat and electricity, have low melting point, form acidic oxides and form -very charged ions.

Malachite is a green copper carbonate hydroxide mineral with a chemical composition of Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂. It was one of the first ores used to produce copper metal. The largest source of copper is from porphyry ore deposits in which one or a combination of the aforementioned minerals occurs.

Aluminium is located lower than the copper in the emf series. Hence, Aluminium is more reactive than the copper.

The hardest substance known is diamond. [But see note below] Diamond is made up entirely of the element carbon. (Another thing that is made entirely of carbon is graphite, one of the softest substances.) Diamond's hardness is roughly 10.5 -14.5 million psi.

Iron is more reactive than copper.

Mg + 2HCl→MgCl₂ + H₂