Life Processes Test - 17

There are several pigments found in the leaves of the plants. One of the major is Chlorophyll, Green in colour and is the pigment primarily responsible for photosynthesis. While Carotene and Xanthophyll are types of plant pigments that play a role in the metabolism of plants. Xanthophylls are the yellow pigment of the leaves and are classified as accessory pigments which absorb the wavelength that chlorophyll cannot absorb.

Gizzard is the a muscular, thick-walled muscular pouch in the lower part of grasshopper's stomach. It is also present in many birds and reptiles and serves one single purpose of grinds food with chittinous plates, i.e, the breaking down of the food.

A tadpole lives under water so it only has one way of gas exchange (through the gills). First, the tadpoles open their mouth to let water enter. Then, the water moves into the gills which contain small membranes called lamella.

In cellular respiration, an organism oxidises glucose (i.e., combines it with oxygen) so as to form the energy-rich compound known as Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP). ATP, critical to metabolism (the breakdown of nutrients to provide energy or form new material), is the compound used by cells to carry out most of their ordinary functions. Among those functions are the production of new cell parts and chemicals, the movement of compounds through cells and the body as a whole, and growth.

Glycolysis involves the breaking down of a sugar (generally glucose, although fructose and other sugars may be used) into more manageable compounds in order to produce energy. The net end products of glycolysis are two Pyruvate, two NADH, and two ATP.

The compounds oxidised during the process of respiration are called respiratory substrates. Carbohydrates, especially glucose, act as respiratory substrates.

Bile or gall is a dark green to yellowish brown fluid, produced by the liver of most vertebrates, that aids the digestion of lipids in the small intestine. In humans, bile is produced continuously by the liver (liver bile), and stored and concentrated in the gallbladder (gallbladder bile).

An aquatic animal is an animal, either vertebrate or invertebrate, which lives in water for most or all of its life. Many insects such as mosquitoes, mayflies, dragonflies and caddisflies have aquatic larvae, with winged adults. Aquatic animals may breathe air or extract oxygen from that dissolved in water through specialised organs called gills, or directly through the skin.