Life Processes Test - 18

Glucose is simple sugar which is formed when carbohydrate get broken. Also, the carbohydrates get digested into glucose. Since, glucose does not have to be digested, it acts as an instant source of energy

The nitrogen compounds through which excess nitrogen is eliminated from organisms are called nitrogenous wastes or nitrogen wastes. They are ammonia, urea, uric acid, and creatinine. All of these substances are produced from protein metabolism.

The main factors affecting rate of photosynthesis are light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration and temperature.The wavelength of light is also important. PSI absorbs energy most efficiently at 700 nm and PSII at 680 nm. Light with a higher proportion of energy concentrated in these wavelengths will produce a higher rate of photosynthesis. The wavelength of red light is maximum.

Muscle cramping is a common problem encountered by athletes and nonathletes alike.  Exercise-related muscle cramps (ERMC) are much more common. They typically affect the large muscles of the legs during or immediately after exercise and last for seconds to a few minutes. These are typically benign but result in intense pain and may not seem innocuous at the time. Traditionally, Such cramping was believed to arise from dehydration, electrolyte imbalances (including magnesium, potassium and sodium), accumulation of lactic acid, or low cellular energy levels.

• Blood is red because of the hemoglobin inside our red blood cells. Hemoglobin is a protein that forms a complex with iron molecules and together they transport oxygen molecules throughout the body
• Chlorophyll is the molecule that absorbs sunlight and uses its energy to synthesise carbohydrates from CO₂ and water. This process is known as photosynthesis.
• Liver is the largest gland in human body. It is also the largest (internal) organ in our body and can weigh up to 1.5 kg for a human adult.
• The purpose of heart is to pump blood to the organs and tissues of your body that need the oxygen and nutrients it carries.

The presence of lamellae greatly increases the surface area of the gills, meaning that a large amount of water is available for gaseous exchange at any particular moment of time. In active fish, such as the Atlantic Mackerel (Scomber scombrus), which has nearly the same gill dimensions as the Atlantic Herring, there may be as much as 1,000 square mm of lamellae surface for every gram of body weight. Such a fish weighing 1 kg will have approximately 1 square metre of gill surface area.

Milk is converted into curd or yogurt by the process of fermentation. Milk consists of globular proteins called casein. The curd forms because of the chemical reaction between the lactic acid bacteria and casein. During fermentation, the bacteria use enzymes to produce energy (ATP) from lactose. The byproduct of ATP production is lactic acid. Lactic acid acts on the globular proteins present in the milk and denatures them. This denaturation destroys the tertiary and quaternary structures of proteins and the globular proteins are converted into fibrous proteins thus giving a thick texture to the milk due to coagulation of the proteins.

• A pulmonary artery is an artery in the pulmonary circulation that carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.
• The pulmonary veins are the veins that transfer oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
• The aorta is the largest artery that carries blood from the heart to other parts of the body.
• Capillaries are the smallest type of blood vessel in the body. Their job is to enable the exchange of substances between the blood and surrounding tissues

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are complementary reactions. Cellular respiration is the process by which most cells make energy. The products of photosynthesis, oxygen and glucose, are the reactants of the cellular respiration reaction.