Life Processes Test - 20

Breathing is rhythmic. It is the intake of oxygen and expulsion of carbon dioxide. Respiration is the production of energy in the body, which includes breathing, mastication etc. Through this process, oxygen is inhaled. This inhaled oxygen is used to burn/oxidize/break down the food (glucose). This reaction produces energy which is used to carry out various activities going in our body. Our body needs continuous supply of energy to carry out these activities.  So, respiration is a continuous process which makes us able to meet energy demands of our body. If respiration comes to halt the person will die.

Hence, option (A) is correct.

Red light is more effective in photosynthesis because both the photosystems (PS I and PS II) absorb light of wavelengths in the red region (680 and 700 nm, respectively). Furthermore, blue light is absorbed by carotenoids, which pass the energy to the chlorophyll, whereas the light in the red region is absorbed by chlorophyll.

Hence, the correct options is (B).

Peristalsis is a type of wave-like movement occurring in the alimentary canal which involves contraction and relaxation of the muscles.

It begins in the esophagus and helps to move the food along the alimentary canal for the process of digestion.

Hence, the correct option is (A).

All the diseases are primarily related to the brain.

• Meningitis: Meningitis is an acute inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, known collectively as the meninges.
• Dementia: Dementia is a general term for loss of memory and other mental abilities severe enough to interfere with daily life.
• Alzheimer: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease. Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive form of dementia.

Hence, the correct option is (D).

It is different for everyone but considering an average an adult respiratory rate is 15 to 18 breaths per minute, but respiration rate under 12 or over 25 breaths per minute while resting is considered abnormal. Newborns can have breathing rates of up to 50 breaths per minute, but by the time a child reaches 12 years of age, the normal range is 18 to 30 breaths per minute. And after it comes to near 15 to 20 approx.

Hence, the correct option is (C).

Chemical reaction involved in photosynthesis:

$6 C{O}_2 + 12 H_{2}O + light \to C_6{H}_{12}{O}_6 \left(Glu\cos e\right) + 6 H_{2}O + 6 O_2$  (In presence of sunlight and chlorophyll)

In photosynthesis, $C{O}_2$ is reduced to glucose using electrons gained from the oxidation of water.

When water gets split into ions ($H^{+}$ and $O{H}^{-}$) then hydrogen added to associated electrons of $C{O}_2$ to form a carbohydrate. So by gaining electrons, the $C{O}_2$ is reduced. The $6O_2$ at the end of the reaction are from water, water lost electrons in the process so it is oxidized.

Hence, the correct option is (C).

Fungi have saprotrophic mode of nutrition. They usually feed upon dead organic matter, breaking down complex materials outside the body and absorbing it. Examples are bread moulds, mushrooms, yeast and bacteria. 

Hence, the correct option is (B).

Pancreas is both an endocrine and an exocrine gland, in that it functions to produce endocrinic hormones released into the circulatory system (such as insulin, and glucagon), to control glucose metabolism, and also to secrete digestive/exocrinic pancreatic juice (such as trypsin), which is secreted eventually via the pancreatic duct.

Hence, the correct option is (D).

Aerobic respiration:

It is the process of cellular respiration that takes place in the presence of oxygen gas to produce energy from food. This type of respiration is common in most of plants and animals, birds, humans, and other mammals. In this process, water and carbon dioxide are produced as end products.

Glucose \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_{6}\right)+\) Oxygen \(6\left(\mathrm{O}_{2}\right) \rightarrow\) Carbon-dioxide \(6\left(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\right)+\) Water \(6\left(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\right)+\) Energy \((\mathrm{ATP})\)

According to the above-given chemical equation, energy is released by splitting the glucose molecules with the help of oxygen gas. At the end of the chemical reaction, energy, water molecules, and carbon dioxide gas are released as the by-products or end products of the reactions.

The \(2900 \mathrm{kJ}\) of energy is released during the process of breaking the glucose molecule and in turn, this energy is used to produce ATP - Adenosine Triphosphate molecules which are used by the system for various purposes.

Aerobic respiration process takes place in all multicellular organisms including animals, plants and other living organisms.

Hence, the correct option is (B).

Lipids (fats and oils) get digested with the help of lipase enzyme and gives fatty acids and glycerol as a product.

Hence, the correct option is (C).

The bones are majorly affected by a Vitamin D deficiency because Vitamin D is essential in absorbing calcium.

Vitamin D is essential for strong bones because it helps the body use calcium from the diet.

Hence, the correct option is (D).

The chlorophyll after absorbing photons from light becomes activated. Then this activated chlorophyll helps in photolysis or breaking down of water into H+ and OH-. Then these reactions occur,

Photosynthetic oxygen evolution occurs via the light-dependent oxidation of water. Green plants utilize the light energy to split the water molecule to protons and electrons for photosynthesis. Free oxygen is generated as a by-product of this reaction and is released into the atmosphere.

4 OH- → 4 OH + 4 e^-

4 OH  → 2 H₂O + O₂  (or hydrolysis of water) 

So oxygen is produced from water.

 So, the correct answer is option (A).

Hemoglobin is a fused protein in which a protein called globin and an iron ion are found.

• Hemoglobin present in RBC carries or transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues. whereas it also carries forward carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs.
• The transportation of CO₂ from the tissues to the lungs takes place in a very small amount nearly (10-20 percent) by the protein globin of hemoglobin.

Hence, the correct option is (C).

The first step of photosynthesis is the excitation of electrons of chlorophyll. The energy from the sun, raises an energy level in the chlorophyll molecule, causing electrons to leave the molecule and travel along the electron transport chain (ETC) in a series of oxidation and reductions.

Hence, the correct option is (A).

The enzyme present in human saliva is amylase. Amylase breaks down starches (complex carbohydrates) into sugars, which your body can more easily absorb. Saliva also contains an enzyme called lingual lipase, which breaks down fats.

Hence, the correct option is (C).