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Life Processes Test - 45

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Life Processes Test - 45
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Which of the following statements about the autotrophs is incorrect?
    Solution
    • The primary producers present at the first trophic level in an ecosystem are autotrophic.
    • These autotrophs perform photosynthesis wherein they use carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll to produce carbohydrates.
    • CO$$_2$$ (Carbon dioxide) + H$$_2$$O (Water) $$\rightarrow$$ C$$_6$$H$$_{12}$$O$$_6$$ (Glucose) + O$$_2$$ (Oxygen)
    • So, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0

    The above figure is a simplified scheme showing the fate of glucose during aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Identify the end products that are formed at stages indicated as A, B, C and D. Identify the correct option from those given below.

    Solution
    • Pyruvic acid is the final product of glycolysis. Krebs cycle releases $$CO_2$$ and water. 
    • Bacteria produces lactic acid via fermentation.
    • Ethyl alcohol is produced as a result of fermentation in yeast, along with that, $$CO_2$$ is released as a by-product.
    • So, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Potometer works on the principle of -
    Solution
    A potometer is also known as transpirometer, is a device used for measuring the rate of water uptake of a leafy shoot which is almost equal to the water lost through the transpiration. The causes of water absorption are photosynthesis and transpiration.
    So, the correct answer is 'Amount of water absorbed is equal to the amount transpired'.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    A large quantity of fluid is filtered every day by the nephrons in the kidneys, but only about 1% of it is excreted as urine. The remaining 99% of the filtrate
    Solution
    About 80% of the water is reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule. The rest is reabsorbed in the loop of Henle and collecting ducts by the influence of antidiuretic hormone. ADH increases the permeability of the walls of collecting duct. Thus only about 1% water is filtered as urine.
    So, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Which among the following protects the lining of the stomach from hydrochloric acid?
    Solution
    The stomach wall has gastric glands that secrete gastric juice, which is a mixture of enzymes, HCl, and mucus. The stomach wall is always covered by a layer of thick mucus that serves two purposes. One is the lubrication of food masses in order to facilitate movement within the stomach. The other function is to form a protective layer over the epithelium lining of the stomach wall. This mucus layer prevents the lining of the stomach wall from the acidic environment, created by HCl. 
    So, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Lymph can be defined as -
    Solution
    Lymph can be defined as blood minus RBCs and some proteins. The main site of lymph formation is interstitial space and normally the rate of lymph formation is equal to the rate of its return to the blood stream.

    So, the correct answer is 'All components of blood except RBCs and some proteins'.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Rate of respiration is directly proportional to:
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    The synthesis of ATP in mitochondria requires 
    Solution
    Oxidative phosphorylation works in mitochondria by using energy-releasing chemical reactions drive energy-requiring reactions. The flow of electrons through the electron transport chain, form electron donors such as NADH to electron acceptors such as oxygen, is an exergonic process. It releases energy, whereas the synthesis of ATP is an endergonic process, which requires an input of energy.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Which is the characteristic of heterotrophs?
    Solution
    Difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs is as follows:
    1. Autotrophs are the organisms that prepare their own food, whereas, heterotrophs are the organisms that are dependent on other organisms for food.
    2. Autotrophs have chlorophyll, whereas, heterotrophs lack chlorophyll.

    Thus, the correct answer is (B).
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    The internal cellular energy reserve in autotrophs is
    Solution
    Hint: Autotrophs can prepare their food through photosynthesis in the form of glucose. Some of it is utilized to support life processes, while some will be stored for future use as a polymer of glucose.

    Part 1 - Glucose as a product of photosynthesis
    • Organisms with chlorophyll present in their cellular structure can convert $$CO_2$$ and $$H_2O$$ into sugar (glucose) by harvesting the energy from sunlight.
    • The reaction proceeds as follows:
     $$CO_2\,(Carbon \,dioxide)+ H_2O\,(Water) \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6\, (Glucose)+ O_2\,(Oxygen)$$

    Part 2 - Starch as a storage product
    • Food can not be stored in the form of glucose as it is a water-soluble molecule.
    • That is why extra glucose in the cytoplasm of a cell can change the osmotic concentration of that cell.
    • Starch on the other hand, is water-insoluble.
    • Starch is the polymer of glucose in which individual glucose molecules are joined by α-1,4 and α-1,6 glycosidic bonds.

    Part 3 - Conclusion
    • From the above discussion we can conclude that glucose is the product of photosynthesis in autotrophs but it can't be stored in plant for longer time as it can drastically change the osmolarity of that particular cell. 
    • Starch on the other hand is an inert and water insoluble molecule and is a perfect choice as a storage molecule.

    Final step - The internal cellular energy reserve in autotrophs is starch.
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