The Rise of Nationalism in Europe Test - 6

Le citizen means Citizens

1. Broken chains - Being freed 2. Breastplate with eagle - Symbol of the German empire – strength 3. Crown of oak leaves - Heroism 4. Sword - Readiness to fight

Germania guarding the Rhine. In 1860, the artist Lorenz Clasen was commissioned to paint this image. The inscription on Germania’s sword reads: ‘The German sword protects the German Rhine.’

A large part of the Balkans was under the control of the Ottoman Empire. The spread of the ideas of romantic nationalism in the Balkans together with the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire made this region very explosive

Conservative regimes set up in 1815 were autocratic. They did not tolerate criticism and dissent, and sought to curb activities that questioned the legitimacy of autocratic governments.

During the years following 1815, the fear of repression drove many liberal-nationalists underground. Secret societies sprang up in many European states to train revolutionaries and spread their ideas.

Giuseppe Mazzini was an Italian revolutionary. Born in Genoa in 1807, he became a member of the secret society of the Carbonari.

society of the Carbonari. As a young man of 24, he was sent into exile in 1831 for attempting a revolution in Liguria.

Mazzini’s relentless opposition to monarchy and his vision of democratic republics frightened the conservatives.

The July Revolution sparked an uprising in Brussels which led to Belgium breaking away from the United Kingdom of the Netherlands.