Federalism Test - 12

• Union of India    - Real Head- The Prime minister in India.
• State - Head of executive - The Governor
• Municipal corporation  - Head - Mayor
• Gram Panchayat- Head - Sarpanch
  

It’s in Federalism-Vertical division of power exists. It refers to sharing of power among different levels of the government - union, state and local government. In this division of power, the local government will work under the union or the state government and the state government will work under the union government.

The Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India lists the official scheduled languages of the Republic of India. At the time when the Constitution was enacted, inclusion in this list meant that the language was entitled to representation on the Official Languages Commission, and that the language would be one of the bases that would be drawn upon to enrich Hindi, the official language of the Union. The list has since, however, acquired further significance. Per Articles 344(1) and 351 of the Indian Constitution, the eighth schedule includes the recognition of 22 languages.

Power sharing is the need in democracy to make prudential and moral decisions. It helps in reducing the possibility of conflict between the social groups. Since social conflict often leads to violence and political instability, power sharing is a good way to ensure the stability of political order.

The Union List or List-I is a list of 100 items (the last item is numbered 97) given in Seventh Schedule in the Constitution of India on which Parliament has exclusive power to legislate. The legislative section is divided into three lists: Union List, State List and Concurrent List. Unlike the federal governments of the United States, Switzerland or Australia, residual powers remain with the Union Government, as with the Canadian federal government.

The Concurrent List or List-III (Seventh Schedule) is a list of 52 items (though the last item is numbered 47) given in the Seventh Schedule to the Constitution of India. The legislative section is divided into three lists: Union List, State List and Concurrent List. Unlike the federal governments of the United States, Switzerland or Australia, residual powers remain with the Union Government, as with the Canadian federal government.