Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Test

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Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Test - 36

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Question 1
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Which one is false about Kranz anatomy?

A
Bundle sheath cells have large chloroplast and less developed grana.

B
Bundle sheath cells have large chloroplast and more developed grana.

C
It is found in Atriplex, sugarcane, maize.

D
Plant having it have better photosynthesizing power than $$C_{3}$$ plants.

Solution

Kranz anatomy is a characteristic of $$C_4$$ plants like Atriplex, Sugarcane, Maize. $$C_4$$ plants are better photosynthesizers than $$C_3$$ plants, as they do not show photorespiration. These plants have a special ring of thick walled bundle sheath cells around vascular bundle. The bundle sheath cells lack intercellular spaces. They have large chloroplasts without grana.
Question 2
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A cell organelle that is essential for photorespiration is

A
Ribosome.

B
Dictyosome.

C
Peroxisome.

D
Glyoxysome.

Solution

Photorespiration is a wasteful process, which occurs in $$C_3$$ plants in presence of light. In the photorespiratory pathway, there is neither synthesis of sugars, nor of ATP. Rather it results in the release of $$CO_2$$ with the utilisation of ATP. In the photorespiratory pathway there is no synthesis of ATP or NADPH. Therefore, photorespiration is a wasteful process. This process occurs in chloroplast, peroxisomes and mitochondria.
Question 3
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Calvin cycle of $$C_{4}$$ plants operates in the

A
Grana of mesophyll chloroplasts.

B
Stroma of chloroplasts in mesophyll cells.

C
Bundle sheath cells of chloroplasts.

D
None of the above.

Solution

Kranz anatomy is a characteristic of $$C_4$$ plants like Atriplex, Sugarcane, Maize. $$C_4$$ plants are better photosynthesizers than $$C_3$$ plants, as they do not show photorespiration. These plants have a special ring of thick walled bundle sheath cells around vascular bundle. The bundle sheath cells lack intercellular spaces. They have large chloroplasts without grana. In the bundle sheath cells carbon dioxide is fixed by the enzyme RuBisCO. After carbon dioxide fixation by RuBisCO, Calvin cycle proceeds as in $$C_3$$ plants. The mesophyll cells are the usual cell type as found in $$C_3$$ plants also. Initial carbon dioxide fixation into organic acids occurs in the mesophyll cells. These organic acids are transported to bundle sheath cells through plasmodesmata. In bundle sheath cells they are decarboxylated to release carbon dioxide, which is fixed using RuBisCO and normal Calvin cycle takes place.
Question 4
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$$NH_{3}$$ releases during which of the following process?

A
Photorespiration

B
Dark respiration

C
CAM

D
All of the above

Solution

Photorespiration is a wasteful process, which occurs in $$C_3$$ plants in presence of light. In the photorespiratory pathway, there is neither synthesis of sugars, nor of ATP. Rather it results in the release of $$CO_2$$ with the utilisation of ATP.
In the photorespiratory pathway there is no synthesis of ATP or NADPH. Therefore, photorespiration is a wasteful process. This process occurs in chloroplast, peroxisomes and mitochondria. In mitochondria two molecules of glycine combine together to form a molecule of serine, with the simultaneous release of carbon dioxide and ammonia.
Question 5
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Chemiosmotic theory of ATP synthesis in the chloroplast and mitochondria is based on

A
Proton gradient.

B
Accumulation of K$$^+$$ ions.

C
Accumulation of Na$$^+$$ ions.

D
Membrane potential.

Solution

According to the chemiosmosis theory of ATP generation. The ATP is generated utilizing the electrochemical gradient generated due to the accumulation of protons in the thylakoid lumen of chloroplast or peri-mitochondrial space in mitochondria. The accumulation of protons gives rise to an electric gradient, due to the accumulation of positive charge and a chemical gradient due to the accumulation of hydrogen atom. When protons move along this electrochemical gradient through $$F_0$$-$$F_1$$ ATP synthase enzyme complex, ATP generation occurs.
Question 6
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Sugarcane shows a higher efficiency of CO2 fixation because of

A
Calvin cycle.

B
Hatch and Slack cycle.

C
TCA Cycle.

D
Greater sunlight.

Solution

Tropical grasses like sugarcane, sorghum etc. are $$C_4$$ plants. They fix carbon dioxide by Hatch and Slack cycle. These plants do not show photorespiration and are hence better photosynthesizers than $$C_3$$ plants. These plants have kranz anatomy. These plants have a special ring of thick walled bundle sheath cells around vascular bundle. The bundle sheath cells lack intercellular spaces. They have large chloroplasts without grana. In the bundle sheath cells carbon dioxide is fixed by the enzyme RuBisCO. After carbon dioxide fixation by RuBisCO, Calvin cycle proceeds as in $$C_3$$ plants. The mesophyll cells are the usual cell type as found in $$C_3$$ plants also. Initial carbon dioxide fixation into organic acids occurs in the mesophyll cells. These organic acids are transported to bundle sheath cells through plasmodesmata. In bundle sheath cells they are decarboxylated to release carbon dioxide, which is fixed using RuBisCO and normal Calvin cycle takes place.
Question 7
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Besides leucoplasts starch grains are developed in:

A
chromoplasts

B
chloroplasts

C
mitochondria

D
lysosomes
Question 8
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Green colour of the leaves of the plant is due to the presence of

A
Starch

B
Cellulose

C
Chlorophyll

D
Keratin
Question 9
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Part of the plant cell which contains chlorophyll is

A
Chlorophyll a

B
Chlorophyll b

C
Chloroplast

D
Chronoplast
Question 10
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Which of the following helps in preparation of food in algae?

A
Chlorophyll

B
Lysosome

C
Mitochondria

D
Leucoplast

Solution

Algae possess chlorophyll pigment hence, they are green in color. The chloroplast is involved in carrying out photosynthesis. It captures and converts the light energy to chemical energy.
So, the correct answer is option A.

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Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Test - 36

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Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Test - 36

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Question 1

Bundle sheath cells have large chloroplast and less developed grana.

Bundle sheath cells have large chloroplast and more developed grana.

It is found in Atriplex, sugarcane, maize.

Plant having it have better photosynthesizing power than $$C_{3}$$ plants.

Solution

Question 2

Ribosome.

Dictyosome.

Peroxisome.

Glyoxysome.

Solution

Question 3

Grana of mesophyll chloroplasts.

Stroma of chloroplasts in mesophyll cells.

Bundle sheath cells of chloroplasts.

None of the above.

Solution

Question 4

Photorespiration

Dark respiration

CAM

All of the above

Solution

Question 5

Proton gradient.

Accumulation of K$$^+$$ ions.

Accumulation of Na$$^+$$ ions.

Membrane potential.

Solution

Question 6

Calvin cycle.

Hatch and Slack cycle.

TCA Cycle.

Greater sunlight.

Solution

Question 7

chromoplasts

chloroplasts

mitochondria

lysosomes

Question 8

Starch

Cellulose

Chlorophyll

Keratin

Question 9

Chlorophyll a

Chlorophyll b

Chloroplast

Chronoplast

Question 10

Chlorophyll

Lysosome

Mitochondria

Leucoplast

Solution

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