Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 42

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Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 42

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Name the chronic respiratory disorder caused mainly by cigarette smoking:-

A
Emphysema

B
Asthma

C
Respiratory acidosis

D
Respiratory alkalosis.
Solution
Correct option: A
Explanation:
Smoking cigarette causes thinning of the alveolar walls which makes them unable to exchange the gases properly.
This leads to irregular breathing and heart rate due to a lack of oxygenated blood in the systemic circulation.
Smoking leads to certain diseases of the lungs like COPD and one example of it is Emphysema.
This disease leads to obstruction in breathing and in long run causes respiratory failure.
Hence, the chronic respiratory disorder caused mainly by cigarette smoking is "emphysema".
Question 2
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The given graph shows various pulmonary air volumes and capacities. What is depicted by X and Y in the graph?

A
Functional residual capacity and vital capacity

B
Total lung capacity and inspiratory capacity

C
Vital capacity and total lung capacity

D
Inspiratory capacity and functional residual capacity

Solution

C. Vital capacity and total lung capacity
Solution: Here, X = Tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume
Vital capacity is calculated by summing tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and expiratory reserve volume. It is the total amount of air exhaled after maximal inhalation.
Here, Y = Inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + expiratory reserve volume + residual volume
Total lung capacity is the volume of air in the lungs upon the maximum effort of inspiration. Total lung capacity is calculated by summing inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, expiratory reserve volume and residual volume.
So the correct answer is "Vital capacity and total lung capacity".
Question 3
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Oxygen dissociation curve of haemoglobin is

A
Sigmoid.

B
Hyperbolic.

C
Linear.

D
Hypobolic.
Solution
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
- Oxygen dissociation curve is a curve in which the proportion of saturated haemoglobin is plotted on the vertical axis versus the oxygen tension on the horizontal axis.
- The affinity of oxygen to haemoglobin causes the sigmoid curve of the haemoglobin.
- After the binding of the first oxygen molecule, it increases the affinity for the second molecule as a reason of which subsequent haemoglobin attracts more oxygen.
Hence, oxygen dissociation curve of haemoglobin is sigmoid.
Question 4
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Direction: Refer the given graph and select the correct options
Which of these is correct regarding D, E and F areas in the graph?

A
D shows venous blood during exercise

B
E shows normal venous blood

C
F shows normal arterial blood

D
All of these

Solution

The oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve also called the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve or oxygen dissociation curve (ODC). is a curve that plots the proportion of hemoglobin in its saturated (oxygen-laden) form on the vertical axis against the prevailing oxygen tension on the horizontal axis.
Here, D shows venous blood during exercise, E shows normal venous blood and F shows normal arterial blood.
So, option D is the correct option.
Question 5
1 / -0

The maximum number of oxygen molecules that can bind to one molecule of hemoglobin is

A
$$8$$

B
$$6$$

C
$$4$$

D
$$2$$

Solution

Hemoglobin molecules consists of four heme groups. Each heme group contains an iron atom which binds to one oxygen molecule. Hence, one molecule of hemoglobin can bind to maximum 4 oxygen molecules.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.
Question 6
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The sigmoid shape of the dissociation curve is because

A
Binding of oxygen to haemoglobin. As the first oxygen molecule binds to haemoglobin, it increases the affinity for the second molecule of oxygen to bind. Subsequently, haemoglobin attracts more oxygen.

B
The curve shows the equilibrium of oxyhaemoglobin and haemoglobin

C
In the lungs,the partial pressure of oxygen is high

D
Tissues have a low oxygen concentration

Solution

Haemoglobin molecule can bind to four oxygen molecules reversibly. The dissociation curve is the curve that results from the interaction of oxygen molecules with haemoglobin molecule. It indicates the oxygen saturation and partial pressure of oxygen in the blood. The binding of the first molecule is difficult. As the first oxygen molecule binds to haemoglobin, it increases the affinity of the haemoglobin molecules for the second molecule of oxygen to bind. Subsequently, haemoglobin attracts more oxygen and hence, the curve is sigmoid shape or S-shape.
Thus, the correct answer is 'Binding of oxygen to haemoglobin. As the first oxygen molecule binds to haemoglobin, it increases the affinity for the second molecule of oxygen to bind. Subsequently, haemoglobin attracts more oxygen'.
Question 7
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Lungs do not collapse between breaths and some air always remains in the lungs which can never be expelled because ____________________.

A
There is a negative pressure in the lungs.

B
There is a negative intrapleural pressure pulling at the lung walls.

C
There is a positive intrapleural pressure.

D
Pressure in the lungs is higher than the atmospheric pressure.
Solution
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
- The negative intrapleural pressure in the lungs is created by two opposing elastic forces pulling in the intrapleural space.
- The elastic lungs tend to collapse while the elastic chest wall tends to thrust outward.
- These two opposite forces create a negative intrapleural pressure that opposes the natural tendency of lungs to collapse.
Hence, lungs do not collapse between breaths and some air always remains in the lungs which can never be expelled because there is a negative pressure in the lungs.
Question 8
1 / -0

During inspiration, the pressure of air is maximum in ___________.

A
Trachea

B
Bronchus

C
Alveoli

D
Environment
Question 9
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Which part of the human brain controls the breathing movements?

A
Cerebellum

B
Medulla oblongata

C
Cerebrum

D
Diencephalon
Solution
- At the bottom of the brainstem is the medulla oblongata, where the brain meets the spinal cord.
- There are two regions in the medulla that control respiration:
1. The ventral respiratory group stimulates expiratory movements.
2. The dorsal respiratory group stimulates inspiratory movements.
- These respiratory centres are sensitive to the CO$$_2$$ and H$$^+$$ concentration in blood.
So, the correct answer is option B.
Question 10
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The ultimate end parts of the respiratory system in humans are known as

A
alveoli

B
bronchioles

C
tracheoles

D
bronchi

Solution

The respiratory system terminates in the alveoli which are sac-like structures and are enveloped by the capillary network for the exchange of gases.
Hence, the correct answer is 'alveoli'.

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Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 42

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Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 42

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Emphysema

Asthma

Respiratory acidosis

Respiratory alkalosis.

Solution

Question 2

Functional residual capacity and vital capacity

Total lung capacity and inspiratory capacity

Vital capacity and total lung capacity

Inspiratory capacity and functional residual capacity

Solution

Question 3

Sigmoid.

Hyperbolic.

Linear.

Hypobolic.

Solution

Question 4

D shows venous blood during exercise

E shows normal venous blood

F shows normal arterial blood

All of these

Solution

Question 5

$$8$$

$$6$$

$$4$$

$$2$$

Solution

Question 6

Binding of oxygen to haemoglobin. As the first oxygen molecule binds to haemoglobin, it increases the affinity for the second molecule of oxygen to bind. Subsequently, haemoglobin attracts more oxygen.

The curve shows the equilibrium of oxyhaemoglobin and haemoglobin

In the lungs,the partial pressure of oxygen is high

Tissues have a low oxygen concentration

Solution

Question 7

There is a negative pressure in the lungs.

There is a negative intrapleural pressure pulling at the lung walls.

There is a positive intrapleural pressure.

Pressure in the lungs is higher than the atmospheric pressure.

Solution

Question 8

Trachea

Bronchus

Alveoli

Environment

Question 9

Cerebellum

Medulla oblongata

Cerebrum

Diencephalon

Solution

Question 10

alveoli

bronchioles

tracheoles

bronchi

Solution

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