Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 56

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Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 56

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Pneumotaxic centre present in ____ and responsible for _______ :

A
Limbic system , voluntary movement

B
Hypothalamus, peristalsis

C
Medulla oblongata , respiratory centre

D
Pons varolii , respiratory rhythm

Solution

D. Pons varolii, respiratory rhythm center
Reason: The pneumotaxic centre is located in the pons varolli region of the brainstem. It moderates the functions of the respiratory rhythm centre. It reduces the duration of inspiration and therefore alters the respiratory rate. It is also known as the pontine respiratory group (PRG) and act as an antagonist to the apneustic center, which produces abnormal breathing during inhalation. So the correct option is D.
Question 2
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The given figure illustrates the changes in lung volume during the process of breathing. The change from II to III indicates the?

A
Movement of diaphragm away from the lungs

B
Expansion of the thoracic cavity

C
Movement of air out of the lungs

D
Expansion of ribs

Solution

During inspiration, diaphragm contracts and this movement pulls the lungs downward thereby increasing their volume. During resting breathing, this movement continues until achieving the tidal volume. Consequently, relaxation of the diaphragm initiates expiration.
So, option A is the correct option.
Question 3
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Which is correct?

A
Tidal volume $$>$$ Inspiratory reserve volume

B
Expiratory reserve volume $$>$$ Inspiratory reserve volume

C
Tidal volume $$>$$ Residual volume

D
Residual volume $$<$$ Inspiratory reserve volume

Solution

D. Residual volume < Inspiratory reserve volume
Reason: Respiratory volume is the volume of air which our lung can hold or release under certain different condition. There are four standard lung volumes. Those are Tidal Volume (TV), Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV), Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) and Residual Volume (RV).
Tidal volume is the volume of air displaced between normal inspiration and expiration without an extra effort. In a healthy human, it is approximately 500-550 ml.
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) is the maximal amount of air that can be inhaled into the lungs by after normal inspiration. In a healthy human, it is approximately 2500-3000 ml.
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) is the maximal amount of air that can be expelled out from the lungs after normal expiration. In a healthy human, it is approximately 1000-1100 ml.
Residual volume (RV) is the volume of air that remains in the lungs after the most forcible expiration. In a healthy human, it is approximately 1100-1200 ml. So its obvious that IRV will be higher than RV. So the correct option is D.
Question 4
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DRG is found in?

A
Dorsal part of medulla

B
Dorsal part of Cerebellum

C
Dorsal part of Pons

D
Dorsal part of brain stem

Solution

Dorsal Root Ganglion is a cluster of neurons in a dorsal root of a spinal nerve. The neurons comprising the DRG are pseudo-unipolar, meaning they have a cell body with two branches that act act as a single axon, often referred to as a distal process and a proximal process.
So, option A is the correct option.
Question 5
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Haemoglobin (Hb) transport oxygen from lungs to tissues. The partial pressure of oxygen in lungs is different from that in tissue. Each Hb can bind up to four oxygen molecules. Suppose we have an equal number of Hb and oxygen molecules and all the oxygen molecules are in bound form. Then, Which of the following is TRUE ?

A
Almost all the Hb molecules have one bound oxygen molecule

B
Nearly half to all the Hb molecules are each bound to two oxygen molecules

C
Nearly one-fourth of all the Hb molecules are bound to four oxygen molecules each

D
Most of the Hb molecules have one bound oxygen molecule each the rest either have no bound oxygen or have two or more bound oxygen molecules

Solution

Option (C)

According to data:

$$1$$ Hb find to $$4$$ oxygen light So suppose we have $$4$$ oxygen

$$4$$ Hb so $$1$$ out of $$4$$ Hb will bind to $$4$$ oxygen, $$3$$ Hb lelt unbounded.

Thus; Nearly one-fourth of all the Hb molecules are bound to $$4$$ oxygen molecules each.
Question 6
1 / -0

All of the following can bind to haemoglobin except

A
$$HCO^-_3$$

B
$$O_2$$

C
$$H^+$$

D
$$CO_2$$
Solution
- Haemoglobin transports O$$_2$$ and CO$$_2$$ in the human body that means it can bind these gases.
- When H$$^+$$ ions interact with haemoglobin it detaches from O$$_2$$ and is able to bind CO$$_2$$ near tissues.
- Hemoglobin doesn't interact with bicarbonate ions though.
So, the correct answer is option A.
Question 7
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$$CO_2$$ dissociates from carbaminohaemoglobin when?

A
$$P_{CO_2}$$ is high and $$P_{O_2}$$ is low

B
$$P_{O_2}$$ is high and $$P_{CO_2}$$ is low

C
$$P_{CO_2}$$ and $$P_{O_2}$$ are equal

D
None of these

Solution

When carbon dioxide binds to hemoglobin, a molecule called carbainohemoglobin is formed. High Po_{2} and low Pco_{2} in the lung blood capillaries favors separation of carbon dioxide from cabraminohemoglobin.
So, option B is the correct option.
Question 8
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Most of $$CO_2$$ is removed from the body in the form of?

A
Carbamino compound of haemoglobin

B
$$HCO^-_3$$

C
Carboxy haemoglobin

D
Amino acids

Solution

B. HCO3-
Reason: A large amount of carbon dioxide molecules are carried in the form of a bicarbonate ion which is part of the bicarbonate buffer system. In this system, carbon dioxide diffuses into the red blood cells. Carbonic anhydrase (CA) within the red blood cells quickly converts the carbon dioxide into carbonic acid ($$H_2CO_3$$), an unstable intermediate molecule that immediately dissociates into bicarbonate ions and hydrogen (H+) ions. When the blood reaches the lungs, the bicarbonate ion is transported back into the red blood cell in exchange for the chloride ion. The H+ ion dissociates from the hemoglobin and binds to the bicarbonate ion. This produces the carbonic acid intermediate, which is converted back into carbon dioxide through the enzymatic action of CA. The carbon dioxide produced is expelled through the lungs during exhalation. So the correct option is B.
Question 9
1 / -0

The area of inner surface of bronchiole is

A
$$1m^2$$

B
$$10m^2$$

C
$$100m^2$$

D
$$1000m^2$$

Solution

The bronchioles are the smaller branches of the bronchial airways in the respiratory tract. The area of inner surface of bronchiole is $$10m^{2}$$.
So, option B is the correct option.
Question 10
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Which of the following is correct for oxygen transport?

A
Nearly $$20-25$$ percent of $$CO_2$$ is transported by $$RBCs$$

B
$$3$$ percent of $$O_2$$ is carried in a dissolved state through the plasma

C
Maximum $$CO_2$$ transport in form of $$NaHCO_3$$

D
All of these

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Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 56

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Question 1

Limbic system , voluntary movement

Hypothalamus, peristalsis

Medulla oblongata , respiratory centre

Pons varolii , respiratory rhythm

Solution

Question 2

Movement of diaphragm away from the lungs

Expansion of the thoracic cavity

Movement of air out of the lungs

Expansion of ribs

Solution

Question 3

Tidal volume $$>$$ Inspiratory reserve volume

Expiratory reserve volume $$>$$ Inspiratory reserve volume

Tidal volume $$>$$ Residual volume

Residual volume $$<$$ Inspiratory reserve volume

Solution

Question 4

Dorsal part of medulla

Dorsal part of Cerebellum

Dorsal part of Pons

Dorsal part of brain stem

Solution

Question 5

Almost all the Hb molecules have one bound oxygen molecule

Nearly half to all the Hb molecules are each bound to two oxygen molecules

Nearly one-fourth of all the Hb molecules are bound to four oxygen molecules each

Most of the Hb molecules have one bound oxygen molecule each the rest either have no bound oxygen or have two or more bound oxygen molecules

Solution

Question 6

$$HCO^-_3$$

$$O_2$$

$$H^+$$

$$CO_2$$

Solution

Question 7

$$P_{CO_2}$$ is high and $$P_{O_2}$$ is low

$$P_{O_2}$$ is high and $$P_{CO_2}$$ is low

$$P_{CO_2}$$ and $$P_{O_2}$$ are equal

None of these

Solution

Question 8

Carbamino compound of haemoglobin

$$HCO^-_3$$

Carboxy haemoglobin

Amino acids

Solution

Question 9

$$1m^2$$

$$10m^2$$

$$100m^2$$

$$1000m^2$$

Solution

Question 10

Nearly $$20-25$$ percent of $$CO_2$$ is transported by $$RBCs$$

$$3$$ percent of $$O_2$$ is carried in a dissolved state through the plasma

Maximum $$CO_2$$ transport in form of $$NaHCO_3$$

All of these

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