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Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 62

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Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 62
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Respiration and photosynthesis are
    Solution
    Respiration is catabolic while photosynthesis is an anabolic process. In respiration, glucose is broken down into water and carbon dioxide (and energy). In contrast carbon dioxide and water combine in the presence of sunlight to produce glucose and oxygen during photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide is absorbed and oxygen is released in photosynthesis which is exactly opposite to what happens in respiration where oxygen is absorbed and carbon dioxide is released. So the answer is- opposite process.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Cardiac notch is found on
    Solution
    The cardiac notch of the left lung is an angular notch that lies along the fifth and sixth intercostals space, where the pericardium is exposed. It is the cardiac notch is the lateral deflection of the anterior border of the left lung. It is produced to accommodate the space taken up by the heart.
    So, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Signet ring cartilage of larynx is:
    Solution
    The cricoid cartilage is a ring of hyaline cartilage located at the inferior aspect of the larynx and is the only complete ring of cartilage around the trachea. It has the shape of a signet ring, with a broad portion posterior to the airway (lamina of cricoid cartilage) and a narrower portion circling anteriorly (arch of cricoid cartilage). 
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    During inspiration, air passes into lungs due to
    Solution
    • Inspiration leads to an increase in the volume of the lungs, which is caused due to contraction of the diaphragm. 
    • The intercostal muscles lift the ribcage. During inspiration, air flows into the alveoli because atmospheric pressure is greater than alveolar pressure. 
    • Increasing thoracic volume results in decreased pleural pressure, increased alveolar volume, and decreased alveolar pressure. 
    • Thus, air moves into the lungs.

    So, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Oxygen haemoglobin dissociation curve will shift to right on decrease of
    Solution
    A decrease in pH (increase in $$H^+$$ ion concentration) shifts the standard curve to the right, while an increase shifts it to the left. This occurs because at greater $$H^+$$ ion concentration. So, with increased acidity, the haemoglobin binds less $$O_2$$ for a given $$PO_2$$ (and more $$H^+$$). This is known as the Bohr effect.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    The shortest part of respiratory system is
    Solution
    A pharynx is a cone-shaped short passage which connects the oral and nasal cavities in the head to the oesophagus and larynx. It has three divisions the oropharynx which is connected to the oral cavity for intake of food, nasopharynx which is connected to nasal passage and laryngopharynx which is connected to voice box. Both circular and longitudinal muscles occur in the walls of this organ; the circular muscles form constrictions that help push food to the esophagus and prevent air from being swallowed, while the longitudinal fibres lift the walls of the pharynx during swallowing.
    So, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Respiratory system is derived from
    Solution
    Correct Option: A
    Explanation:
    The three germ layers are the endoderm, the ectoderm, and the mesoderm. The important derivatives of the three germ layers are given below :
    A. Endoderm : 1) Gut tube epithelium 2) Liver 3) Respiratory system 4) Pancreas
    B. Mesoderm : 1) Connective tissue 2) Bone 3) Muscles 4) Cardiovascular system 5) Lymphatics 6) Urogenital structure
    C. Ectoderm : 1) Epidermis 2) Nervous system 3) Adrenal medulla
    So, the correct option is 'Endoderm'.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Disease called pleurisy is due to 
    Solution
    Pleurisy is an inflammation of the membrane that surrounds and protects the lungs (the pleura). Inflammation occurs mainly due to the accumulation of fluid between the two pleural membrane. As a consequence, sharp chest pains are the primary symptom of pleurisy. It can be detected by X-ray, CT scan or ultrasound.
    Therefore, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Percentage of O$$_2$$ present in inhaled air in man is about 
    Solution
    Inhaled air contains more oxygen used to create energy and less carbon dioxide. Exhaled air which contains more carbon dioxide produced as a waste product of energy production and less oxygen as it has been used in respiration. Inhaled air contains 21% oxygen, 0.04% CO$$_2$$ and 79% N$$_2$$. Exhaled air contains 16% oxygen, 4% CO$$_2$$ and 79% N$$_2$$.
    Therefore, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Consider the following statements A-D.
    A. Epiglottis is the cartilaginous flap of skin which regulates the flow of air into the trachea.
    B. Pleura is the ultimate region where in which the diffusion of air between the lungs and blood takes place.
    C. Larynx is the voice box, which is the enlarged part of trachea.
    D. "Adam's apple" is the protruding cartilage of the voice box of male humans.
    The correct and wrong statements are given in

    Solution
    The larynx is the voice box, which is the enlarged part of trachea.
    "Adam's apple" is the protruding cartilage of the voice box of male humans.
    The epiglottis is a flap that is made of elastic cartilage tissue covered with a mucous membrane, attached to the entrance of the larynx. It projects obliquely upwards behind the tongue and the hyoid bone, pointing dorsally. There are taste buds on the epiglottis.
    Pleura is one of the two membranes around the lungs. These two membranes are called as the visceral and parietal pleurae. The visceral pleura envelops the lung, and the parietal pleura lines the inner chest wall. There is normally a small quantity (about 3 to 4 teaspoons) of fluid that is spread thinly between the visceral and parietal pleurae. The pleural fluid acts as a lubricant between the two membranes.
    So, the correct answer is option C.
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