Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 64

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Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 64

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Question 1
1 / -0

After forceful inspiration, the amount of air that can be breathed out by maximum forced expiration is equal to

A
IRV + ERV + TV + RV

B
IRV + RV + ERV

C
IRV + TV + ERV

D
TV + RV + ERV

Solution

Vital capacity is the maximum amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after a maximum inhalation. It is equal to the sum of inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume and expiratory reserve volume. In a healthy young adult, IRV measures about 3 L and the ERV is approximately 1.1 litre TV is about 500 ml in an averagely built (70 kg), healthy, young adult. Hence, VC is about 4 to 4.6 litres.
Question 2
1 / -0

Choose the right sequential phenomena among the following during the delivery of $$O_2$$ from blood to tissue.
P: Absorption of $$CO_2$$ by the blood.
Q: Reaction of absorbed $$CO_2$$ with $$H_2O$$ to form $$H_2CO_3$$ within RBC and its conversion into $$H^+$$ and $$HCO_3^-$$ ions.
R: Reaction of absorbed $$CO_2$$ with $$H_2O$$ in plasma to form $$H_2CO_3$$ and its conversion into $$H^+$$ and $$HCO_3^-$$ ions.
S: Combination of $$H^+$$ with heme portion of $$HbO_2$$ to release $$O_2$$.
T: Combination of $$HCO_3^-$$ with heme portion of $$HbO_2$$ to form reduced hemoglobin and release of $$O_2$$.

A
P, Q, T

B
P, R, S

C
P, Q, S

D
P, R, T

Solution

In tissues, the concentration of CO$$_{2}$$ is more than that of O$$_{2}$$. So, the CO$$_{2}$$ moves into the blood and reaches hemoglobin in RBCs. In RBCs, an enzyme called carbonic anhydrase forms carbonic acid from CO$$_{2}$$ and H$$_{2}$$O that soon dissociates into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. The presence of these ions make O$$_{2}$$ to leave the hemoglobin and so oxyhemoglobin (HbO$$_{2}$$) complex is broken. CO$$_{2}$$ thus becomes a part of hemoglobin and is transported to the lungs.
Hence, the correct answer is 'P,Q,T'
Question 3
1 / -0

Types of chemoreceptors involved in respiration regulation is

A
Central chemoreceptors

B
Peripheral chemoreceptors

C
Spinal chemoreceptors

D
Both A and B

Solution

Central and peripheral chemoreceptors involve in the regulation of respiration. They detect reduction and elevation in the concentration level of oxygen, carbon dioxide and pH in the body.
So the correct answer is 'Both A and B'.

Question 4

1 / -0

Match the items listed under Column-I with those given under Column-II; choose the appropriate option from the given choices.

Column-I	Column-II
$$A$$. Residual Volume (RV)	$$P$$. 4000ml-4600ml
$$B$$. Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)	$$Q$$. 1100ml-1200ml
$$C$$. Vital Capacity (VC)	$$R$$. 1000ml-1100ml
$$D$$. Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)	$$S$$. 3000ml-3500ml
$$E$$. Inspiratory Capacity (IC)	$$T$$ 2500ml-3000ml

$$A-Q;B-R;C-S;D-T;E-P$$

$$A-R;B-T;C-P;D-Q;E-S$$

$$A-T;B-Q;C-S;D-R;E-P$$

$$A-Q;B-T;C-P;D-R;E-S$$

Solution

Residual volume (RV) is the volume of air still remaining in the lungs after the most forcible expiration possible. This accounts for 1100-1200 ml.

The inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) is the additional amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal inhalation. This is the amount of air which can be taken in by forced inhalation. This accounts for 2500-3000 ml.

Vital capacity (VC) is the maximum amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after a maximum inhalation. This accounts for 4000-4600 ml.

The expiratory reserve volume (ERV) is the additional amount of air that can be exhaled after a normal exhalation. This accounts for 1000-1100 ml.

Inspiratory Capacity (IC) is the maximum amount of air that can be inspired. The amount of air for IC is about 3000-3500 ml.

Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Question 5
1 / -0

In response to a decrease in blood pH, the respiratory center sends nervous impulses to

A
Increase breathing rate

B
Decrease breathing rate

C
Increase heart beat

D
None of th above

Solution

Respiratory centre is located in the medulla oblongata and pons. They control the rate and depth of respiratory movements of the diaphragm. The increase in CO$$_2$$ level in the blood lowers the pH of the blood which in response cause respiratory center to send impulses to breath fast and increase breathing rate.
So the correct answer is 'Increase breathing rate'.
Question 6
1 / -0

Which of the following detects the level of CO$$_2$$ and hydrogen ion in blood?

A
Receptor in carotid arteries and aorta

B
Receptor in pulmonary arteries

C
Receptors in cardiac wall

D
Receptors in the pleural membrane

Solution

Chemoreceptors detect toxics and harmful chemical substance in the body. They are found in the carotid bodies and aortic bodies and are responsible for detecting decrease in blood pH due to the change in the level of CO$$_@$$.
So the correct answer is 'Receptor in carotid arteries and aorta'.
Question 7
1 / -0

A flap-like muscular valve controls the movement of air and food is ..........

A
Nostrils

B
Uvula

C
Epiglottis

D
None of the above

Solution

The epiglottis is a leaf-shaped flap-like muscular valve made up of cartilage. It is located behind the tongue. The function of epiglottis is to prevent the entry of food in the windpipe and it seal off windpipe during eating.
So, the correct answer is 'Epiglottis'.
Question 8
1 / -0

Respiration is a catabolic process because ___________.

A
Breakdown of complex food molecules

B
Conversion of light energy

C
Synthesis of chemical energy

D
Energy storage

Solution

During respiration, complex food molecules (mostly glucose) are broken down into smaller and simple ones to release usable energy for a cell. Thus, respiration is a catabolic process.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Question 9
1 / -0

Central chemoreceptors are sensitive to the

A
pH of their environment

B
Level of oxygen

C
High blood pressure

D
Level of sugar in blood

Solution

Central chemoreceptors are located on the ventrolateral medullary surface in the central nervous system. There receptors act to detect the changes in pH of their environment by detecting alteration in the concentration of O$$_2$$ and CO$$_2$$ of nearby cerebrospinal fluid. The decrease in CO$$_2$$ causes the blood to become more acidic while it's increase makes the blood alkaline.
So, the correct answer is 'pH of their environment'.
Question 10
1 / -0

Select the correct statement regarding chemoreceptors

A
It detects arterial pCO$$_2$$ and pH.

B
Increase in alveolar pCO$$_2$$ causes an increase in breathing rate.

C
Central chemoreceptors are located on the ventrolateral surface of the medulla oblongata.

D
All of the above.

Solution

Chemoreceptors are specialized sensory receptors that can detect toxics or hazardous chemicals in the internal or external environment of the human body. They are composed of aortic and carotid body. Aortic body detects changes in blood oxygen and carbon dioxide but carotid body can detect the pH also along with oxygen and carbon dioxide. Central chemoreceptors are located on the ventrolateral surface of the medulla oblongata.
So the correct answer is 'All of the above'.

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Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 64

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Question 1

IRV + ERV + TV + RV

IRV + RV + ERV

IRV + TV + ERV

TV + RV + ERV

Solution

Question 2

P, Q, T

P, R, S

P, Q, S

P, R, T

Solution

Question 3

Central chemoreceptors

Peripheral chemoreceptors

Spinal chemoreceptors

Both A and B

Solution

Question 4

$$A-Q;B-R;C-S;D-T;E-P$$

$$A-R;B-T;C-P;D-Q;E-S$$

$$A-T;B-Q;C-S;D-R;E-P$$

$$A-Q;B-T;C-P;D-R;E-S$$

Solution

Question 5

Increase breathing rate

Decrease breathing rate

Increase heart beat

None of th above

Solution

Question 6

Receptor in carotid arteries and aorta

Receptor in pulmonary arteries

Receptors in cardiac wall

Receptors in the pleural membrane

Solution

Question 7

Nostrils

Uvula

Epiglottis

None of the above

Solution

Question 8

Breakdown of complex food molecules

Conversion of light energy

Synthesis of chemical energy

Energy storage

Solution

Question 9

pH of their environment

Level of oxygen

High blood pressure

Level of sugar in blood

Solution

Question 10

It detects arterial pCO$$_2$$ and pH.

Increase in alveolar pCO$$_2$$ causes an increase in breathing rate.

Central chemoreceptors are located on the ventrolateral surface of the medulla oblongata.

All of the above.

Solution

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