Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 67

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Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 67

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Question 1
1 / -0

Lung alveoli are characterised by.

A
Squamous epithelium

B
Absence of cilia

C
Surfactant secreting cubical cells

D
All the above

Solution

Lung alveoli is characterised by thin squamous epithelium for easy exchange of gases.
So, the correct answer is 'Squamous epithelium'
Question 2
1 / -0

Which one of the following is the correct statement for respiration in humans?

A
Cigarette smoking may lead to inflammation of bronchi

B
Neural signals from pneumotoxic centre in pons region of brain can increase the duration of inspiration

C
Workers in grinding and stone-breaking industries may suffer from lung fibrosis

D
About $$90\%$$ of carbon dioxide is carried by haemoglobin as carbaminohaemoglobin
Solution
A.Correct option -C
B.Explanation for correct option -C
Cigarette smoking causes an immunogenic response. It results in increased levels of inflammatory markers.
It may result in the development of irreversible narrowing of bronchial tubes due to inflammation and scarring. It causes cancer, chronic lung disease. The pneumotaxic centre in the pons region of the brainstem moderates the functions of the respiratory rhythm centre. It reduces the duration of inspiration and therefore alters the respiratory rate.
Workers in grinding and stone-breaking industries may suffer from lung fibrosis. Exposure to environmental pollutants like silica, metal dust, bacteria and animal proteins can lead to lung fibrosis.
Carbon dioxide is carried in the blood as bicarbonate, dissolved CO$$_2$$ and carbaminohemoglobin. About 29% of it is carried as carbaminohaemoglobin.
Question 3
1 / -0

Pharyngeal tonsils are

A
Near surface of tongue

B
At the back of throat

C
Active throughout life

D
Adenoids

Solution

Adenoids, also called Pharyngeal tonsils, a mass of lymphatic tissue, similar to the tonsils, that is attached to the back wall of the nasal pharynx (i.e., the upper part of the throat opening into the nasal cavity proper). An individual fold of such nasopharyngeal lymphatic tissue is called an adenoid.
So, the correct option is 'Adenoids'.
Question 4
1 / -0

$$100$$ml of blood can carry $$CO_2$$.

A
$$20$$ml

B
$$0.3$$ml

C
$$3.7$$ml

D
$$6.3$$ml

Solution

Nearly 20-25 per cent of CO2 is transported by RBCs whereas 70 per cent of it is carried as bicarbonate. About 7 per cent of CO2 is carried in a dissolved state through plasma. 100 ml of blood carry 4ml of carbon dioxide.
so the correct option is (C) 3.7 ml
Question 5
1 / -0

Which of the following binds irreversibly with haemoglobin?

A
Carbon dioxide

B
Oxygen

C
Carbon monoxide

D
Nitrogen

Solution

Carbon monoxide has 210 times greater affinity for haemoglobin than Oxygen, as it irreversibly binds with hemoglobin.
So, the correct answer is 'Carbon monoxide'
Question 6
1 / -0

The protein $$\alpha 1$$- antitrypsin is used to treat the disease.

A
Cancer

B
Rheumatoid arthritis

C
Alzhelmer's disease

D
Emphysema

Solution

$$\alpha$$-1 antitrypsin deficiency, an autosomal codominant hereditary disorder in which a deficiency of $$\alpha$$-1 antitrypsin leads to a chronic uninhibited tissue breakdown. This causes the degradation especially of lung tissue and eventually leads to characteristic manifestations of pulmonary emphysema. So, the correct answer option is D.
Question 7
1 / -0

What percentage of $$CO_2$$ is transported as $$HbCO_2$$?

A
42 %

B
10 %

C
70 %

D
50 %

Solution

Carbaminohemoglobin or HbCO$$_2$$ is a compound of hemoglobin and carbon dioxide, and is one of the forms in which carbon dioxide exists in the blood. Carbon dioxide is much more soluble in water than is oxygen, and so more dissolved carbon dioxide than dissolved oxygen is carried in blood. Even so, only a relatively small amount of blood carbon dioxide is transported in this way; only 10 percent of the carbon dioxide entering the blood remains physically dissolved in the plasma and erythrocytes. So, the correct answer is option B.
Question 8
1 / -0

If the number of alveoli in an individual is doubled without changing the total alveolar volume, the gas exchange capacity of the lungs will see which of the following changes?

A
Increase for both $$O_2$$ and $$CO_2$$

B
Decrease for both $$O_2$$ and $$CO_2$$

C
Remain unaltered for both $$O_2$$ and $$CO_2$$

D
Increase for $$O_2$$ and decrease for $$CO_2$$

Solution

Alveolar ventilation is the exchange of gas between the alveoli and the external environment. It is the process by which oxygen is brought into the lungs from the atmosphere and by which the carbon dioxide carried into the lungs in the mixed venous blood is expelled from the body. If the number of alveoli is doubled without changing the total alveolar volume, the gas exchange capacity of the lungs will increase. The capacity of the lungs to take in oxygen ($$O_2$$) as well as to expel carbon dioxide ($$CO_2$$) increases.
So, the answer is A.
Question 9
1 / -0

Pneumotaxic centre is located in:

A
Medulla oblongata

B
Pons

C
Cerebrum

D
Diencephalon

Solution

The pneumotaxic centre is located in the pons region of the brainstem. It moderates the functions of the respiratory rhythm centre. It reduces the duration of inspiration and therefore alters the respiratory rate. Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Question 10
1 / -0

In a $$PCR$$, which of the following components is not required?

A
Nucleotide precursors

B
A primer containing $$3'-OH'$$

C
DNA helicase to separate the strands

D
DNA polymerase to catalyse the reaction

Solution

A common laboratory technique used to make many copies (millions or billions) of a particular region of DNA is called Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR). It requires a primer, DNA helicases, DNA polymerases, etc.,
So, the correct option is ‘ Nucleotide precursors’.

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Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 67

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Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 67

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Question 1

Squamous epithelium

Absence of cilia

Surfactant secreting cubical cells

All the above

Solution

Question 2

Cigarette smoking may lead to inflammation of bronchi

Neural signals from pneumotoxic centre in pons region of brain can increase the duration of inspiration

Workers in grinding and stone-breaking industries may suffer from lung fibrosis

About $$90\%$$ of carbon dioxide is carried by haemoglobin as carbaminohaemoglobin

Solution

Question 3

Near surface of tongue

At the back of throat

Active throughout life

Adenoids

Solution

Question 4

$$20$$ml

$$0.3$$ml

$$3.7$$ml

$$6.3$$ml

Solution

Question 5

Carbon dioxide

Oxygen

Carbon monoxide

Nitrogen

Solution

Question 6

Cancer

Rheumatoid arthritis

Alzhelmer's disease

Emphysema

Solution

Question 7

42 %

10 %

70 %

50 %

Solution

Question 8

Increase for both $$O_2$$ and $$CO_2$$

Decrease for both $$O_2$$ and $$CO_2$$

Remain unaltered for both $$O_2$$ and $$CO_2$$

Increase for $$O_2$$ and decrease for $$CO_2$$

Solution

Question 9

Medulla oblongata

Pons

Cerebrum

Diencephalon

Solution

Question 10

Nucleotide precursors

A primer containing $$3'-OH'$$

DNA helicase to separate the strands

DNA polymerase to catalyse the reaction

Solution

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