Body Fluids and Circulation Test

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Body Fluids and Circulation Test - 71

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Question 1
1 / -0

In the centre of each hepatic lobule lies

A
Portal vein

B
Central vein

C
Central artery

D
Bile duct

Solution

The liver is organized into lobules which take the shape of polygonal prisms. Each lobule is hexagonal in cross section and is centered on a branch of the hepatic vein called the central vein.
So, the correct answer is option B.
Question 2
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Which of the following substances, if introduced into the bloodstream, would cause coagulation of blood at the site of its introduction?

A
Fibrinogen

B
Prothrombin

C
Heparin

D
Thromboplastin

Solution

Thromboplastin is a plasma protein aiding blood coagulation, through catalyzing the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. It functions in the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin in the clotting of blood. It is also called thrombokinase.
So, the correct answer is 'Thromboplastin'
Question 3
1 / -0

'QRS' stands for

A
Auricular repolarization

B
Ventricular depolarization

C
Auricle diastole

D
Cardiac cycle

Solution

The QRS complex is the graphical deflection seen on electrocardiogram (ECG). It is usually the central and most visually obvious part of the tracing. It corresponds to the depolarization of the right and left ventricles of the human heart. It represents ventricular depolarization. In adults, it normally lasts 0.12-0.20 seconds.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Question 4
1 / -0

In humans, blood passes from the post caval to the diastolic right atrium of heart due to

A
Pushing open of the venous valves

B
Suction pull only

C
Stimulation of the sino-auricular node

D
Pressure difference between the post caval and atrium and suction pull

Solution

Hemodynamically, venous return (VR) to the heart from the venous vascular beds is determined by a pressure gradient (venous pressure - right atrial pressure) and venous resistance (RV). Therefore, increases in venous pressure or decreases in right atrial pressure or venous resistance will lead to an increase in venous return. In diastole, the pressure in the right atrium decreases than the postcaval vein. Hence, blood flows from post caval into the right atrium through suction pull.
Question 5
1 / -0

The absence of which clotting factor leads to haemophilia- A?

A
Factor - VII

B
Factor - VIII

C
Factor - IX

D
Factor - X

Solution

Haemophilia A is an X- linked recessive disorder which is caused by the deficiency of blood plasma clotting factor VIII. It can be genetic or arise due to a mutation.
Question 6
1 / -0

Which artery supplies blood to the diaphragm?

A
Phrenic

B
Splenic

C
Renal

D
Caudal

Solution

The diaphragm is basically innervated by the phrenic nerve which is formed from the cervical nerves. The diaphragm, therefore, recieves blood from the branches of the internal thoracic arteries and from the superior phrenic arteries. The inferior phrenic arteries supply from below.
So, the correct answer is option A.
Question 7
1 / -0

Critical count of platelet is

A
40, 000 / mm$$^3$$

B
1 lac / mm$$^3$$

C
2 lac / mm$$^3$$

D
4 lac / mm$$^3$$

Solution

Critical count of platelet is 40, 000 / mm$$^{3}$$. Platelets, also called thrombocytes, are blood cells whose function is to stop bleeding. Platelets have no nucleus: they are fragments of cytoplasm, which are derived from the megakaryocytes of the bone marrow, and then enter the circulation. These unactivated platelets are biconvex discoid structures. The normal number of platelets in the blood is 150,000 - 400,000 platelets per microliter (mcL). A low platelet count is below 150,000. If the platelet count is below 50,000, the risk of bleeding is very high. So, it is called critical platelet count.
Question 8
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Which one of the following anticoagulants is added in blood during storage?

A
Sodium carbonate

B
Sodium oxalate

C
Sodium chloride

D
Sodium hydroxide

Solution

Sodium oxalate is the sodium salt of oxalic acid. Sodium oxalate is used to remove calcium ions from blood plasma and prevents blood from clotting because calcium is used as a cofactor of enzymes for activation of clotting factors.
Hence, the correct answer is option B.
Question 9
1 / -0

A man was infested with germs and was taken to the hospital. On pathological tests, it was found that he had
a. A low number of RBC
b. A high number of WBC and a low number of RBC
c. A low number of WBC
d. A high number of platelets
Which of the following alternative is correct?

A
b only

B
a and d

C
c only

D
d only

Solution

White blood cells (WBCs) are cells of the immune system involved in defending the body against both infectious diseases and foreign materials. Therefore, an abnormally high of WBC may agree with the suspicion that an infection is present and the doctor will order further tests.
An abnormally low level of RBC may signal to the physician that the patient may be suffering from anemia, which might have caused by any intestinal worm infestation, like Hookworm.
Although total WBC count falls in viral infections, viruses are not considered as germs, which have infected the subject (man).
Bacterial or viral infections are the most common causes of a high white blood cell count. The increase in white blood cells due to infection is caused by a normal response of the immune system triggering the bone marrow to release additional stored white blood cells into the blood to fight off the disease. Low level of RBC may result in reduced immunity.
Hence A is the correct option.
Question 10
1 / -0

In a standard ECG, which one of the following alphabets is the correct representation of the respective activity of the human heart?

A
T- end of diastole

B
P- depolarization of the atria

C
R- repolarization of ventricles

D
S- start of the systole

Solution

The P wave represents the wave of depolarization that spreads from the SA node throughout the atria, and is usually 0.08 to 0.1 seconds in duration.

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Body Fluids and Circulation Test - 71

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Body Fluids and Circulation Test - 71

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Portal vein

Central vein

Central artery

Bile duct

Solution

Question 2

Fibrinogen

Prothrombin

Heparin

Thromboplastin

Solution

Question 3

Auricular repolarization

Ventricular depolarization

Auricle diastole

Cardiac cycle

Solution

Question 4

Pushing open of the venous valves

Suction pull only

Stimulation of the sino-auricular node

Pressure difference between the post caval and atrium and suction pull

Solution

Question 5

Factor - VII

Factor - VIII

Factor - IX

Factor - X

Solution

Question 6

Phrenic

Splenic

Renal

Caudal

Solution

Question 7

40, 000 / mm$$^3$$

1 lac / mm$$^3$$

2 lac / mm$$^3$$

4 lac / mm$$^3$$

Solution

Question 8

Sodium carbonate

Sodium oxalate

Sodium chloride

Sodium hydroxide

Solution

Question 9

b only

a and d

c only

d only

Solution

Question 10

T- end of diastole

P- depolarization of the atria

R- repolarization of ventricles

S- start of the systole

Solution

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