Locomotion and Movement Test

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Locomotion and Movement Test - 31

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Question 1
1 / -0

Identify the labelling a, b, c, d and e of pelvic girdle.

A
a-pubis, b-acetabulum, c-ilium, d-ischium, e-pubic symphysis

B
a-ilium, b-acetabulum, c-pubis, d-ischium, e-pubic symphysis

C
a-ischium, b-acetabulum, c-pubis, d-ilium, e-pubic symphysis

D
a-ilium, b-pubis, c-acetabulum, d-ubic symphysis, e-ischium

E
a-ilium, b-acetabulum, c-pubic symphysis, d-ischium, e-pubis
Solution
- Pelvic girdle consists of two coxal bones. Each coxal bone is formed by the fusion of three bones – ilium (a), ischium (d)and pubis (c).
- At the point of fusion of the ilium,ischium and pubis there is a cavity called acetabulum (b) to which the thigh bone articulates.
- The two halves of the pelvic girdle meet ventrally to form the pubic symphysis (e) containing fibrous cartilage.
- So,the correct answer is 'a-ilium, b-acetabulum, c-pubis, d-ischium, e-pubic symphysis'.
Question 2
1 / -0

During contraction of muscles $$Ca^{2+}$$ attaches to

A
Troponin-C

B
Troponin-A

C
Calmodulin

D
Cal bindin
Solution
- Active sites for myosin are present on actin which are masked by troponin-C in resting state. when Ca++ level increases it leads to the binding of calcium with a subunit of troponin i.e Troponin-C on actin(thin) filaments and thereby remove the masking of active sites for myosin.
- Utilizing the energy from ATP hydrolysis, the myosin head now binds to the exposed active sites on actin to form a cross bridge.
- This pulls the attached actin filaments towards the centre of ‘A’ band.
- The ‘Z’ line attached to these actins are also pulled inwards thereby causing a shortening of the sarcomere, i.e., contraction. The myosin, releasing the ADP and P1 goes back to its relaxed state.
- Hence During contraction of muscles Ca ++ attaches to Troponin -C.
- So, the correct answer is 'Troponin-C'
Question 3
1 / -0

Select the correct statement about disorder of muscular or skeletal system.

A
Muscular dystrophy $$\rightarrow$$ Age related shortening of muscles

B
Myasthenia gravis $$\rightarrow$$ Autoimmune disorder which inhibits sliding of myosin filaments

C
Gout $$\rightarrow$$ Inflammation of joints due to extra deposition of calcium

D
Osteoporosis $$\rightarrow$$ Decrease in bone mass and higher chances of fractures with advancing age
Solution
- Skeletal system consists of a framework of bones and a few cartilages.
- Osteoporosis is defined as a low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, leading to enhanced bone fragility and a consequent increase in fracture risk.
- It occurs due to various fractures such as calcium deficiency, hyperparathyroidism, estrogen deficiency in females etc,
- Hence osteoporosis →→ Decrease in bone mass and higher chances of fractures with advancing age.
- So, the correct answer is 'Osteoporosis →→ Decrease in bone mass and higher chances of fractures with advancing age'.
Question 4
1 / -0

Identify the mismatch.

A
Sternum and ribs $$\rightarrow$$ Axial skeleton

B
Clavicle and glenoid cavity $$\rightarrow$$ Pelvic girdle

C
Humerus and ulna $$\rightarrow$$ Appendicular skeleton

D
Malleus and stapes $$\rightarrow$$ Ear ossicles
Solution
- A pectoral girdle or shoulder girdle attach the bones of upper limb to the axial skeleton.
- Each pectoral girdle is formed of two halves. Each half of pectoral girdle consists of a scapula and clavicle.
- Glenoid cavity is a shallow, pyriform articular surface, which is located on the lateral angle of the scapula. It articulates with the humerus to form the shoulder joint. Hence clavicle and glenoid cavity → pectoral girdle.
- So, the correct answer is 'Clavicle and glenoid cavity $$\rightarrow$$ Pelvic girdle'.
Question 5
1 / -0

Innominate is a

A
A nerve

B
An artery

C
A vein

D
Part of skeleton and an artery
Solution
- Innominate is the one which does not have any name and these are not classified.
- Innominate parts in the body are:
- The brachiocephalic artery
- The brachiocephalic veins
- The three large bones which form the hip bone. Hence, Innominate is a Part of the skeleton and an artery.
So, the correct answer is 'Part of the skeleton and an artery'.
Question 6
1 / -0

Read the statements regarding muscle proteins and identify the correct statements
i. Actin is a thin filament and is made up of two F-actins
ii. Complex protein, tropomyosin is distributed at regular intervals on the troponin
iii. Myosin is a thick filament which is also a polymerized protein
iv. Globular head of meromyosin consists of light meromyosin (LMN)

A
i, iii and iv are correct

B
i and iii are correct

C
i, ii and iii are correct

D
i, ii and iv are correct

E
ii and iv are correct
Solution
- Myofibril is made up of two types of filaments.They are thin filament(actin) and thick filament(myosin).
- Each actin (thin) filament is made of two ‘F’ (filamentous) actins helically wound to each other. Each ‘F’ actin is a polymer of monomeric ‘G’ (Globular) actins. Two filaments of another protein, tropomyosin also run close to the ‘F’ actins throughout its length. A complex protein Troponin is distributed at regular intervals on the tropomyosin.
- Each myosin (thick) filament is also a polymerized protein. Many monomeric proteins called Meromyosins, constitute one thick filament. Globular head of meromyosin consists of Heavy meromyosin (HMM).
- So, the correct answer is 'i, ii and iii are correct'
Question 7
1 / -0

Which one of the following is the thick filament of muscle?

A
Actin

B
Troponin

C
Tropomyosin

D
Myosin
Solution
- Myofibril is made up of two types of filaments. They are thick filament (myosin) and thin filament (actin). Actin filaments are thinner as compared to the myosin filaments, hence are commonly called thin and thick filaments respectively
- Each myosin (thick) filament is a polymerized protein. Many monomeric proteins called meromyosins constitute one thick filament.
- Hence myosin is the thick filament of muscle.
- So, the correct answer is 'Myosin'.
Question 8
1 / -0

Each pectoral girdle is made of

A
Two innominates

B
Two clavicles and two scapula

C
One clavicle and one scapula

D
Two clavicles and one scapula
Solution
- The pectoral girdle is formed of two halves. Each half of pectoral girdle consists of a clavicle and a scapula.
- The Scapula articulates with the clavicle and humerus. The clavicles or collar's bones are slender, doubly curved long bones, which articulate with the sternum.
- Hence each pectoral girdle is made of two clavicles and two scapulae.
- So, the correct answer is 'Two clavicles and two scapulae'.
Question 9
1 / -0

In a resting muscle fibre, tropomyosin partially covers

A
Ca-binding sites on actin

B
Ca-binding sites on troponin

C
Actin binding sites on myosin

D
Myosin binding sites on actin
Solution
- The myofibril is composed of two types of filaments. They are thick filament (Myosin) and Thin filament (Actin).
- Each actin (thin) filament is made of two ‘F’ (filamentous) actins helically wound to each other. Each ‘F’ actin is a polymer of monomeric ‘G’ (Globular) actins. Two filaments of another protein, tropomyosin also run close to the ‘F’ actins throughout its length. A complex protein Troponin is distributed at regular intervals on the tropomyosin. In the resting state tropomyosin partially covers myosin binding site on actin.
- Increase in Ca++ level leads to the binding of calcium with a subunit of troponin i.e troponin-C on actin filaments and thereby remove the masking of active sites for myosin. Utilizing the energy from ATP hydrolysis, the myosin head now binds to the exposed active sites on actin to form a cross bridge.
- Hence In a resting muscle fibre, tropomyosin partially covers myosin binding sites on actin.
- So, the correct answer is 'Myosin binding sites on actin'.
Question 10
1 / -0

The important muscle proteins that helps in the movement are

A
Actin and myosin

B
Troponin

C
Tropomyosin

D
All of the above
Solution
- Skeletal muscle fiber is made up of two types of filaments. They are thick filament (myosin) and thin filament (actin). Contraction of a muscle fiber takes place by the sliding of the thin filaments over the thick filaments.
- Myosin (thick) filament is also a polymerized protein. Many monomeric proteins called meromyosins constitute one thick filament.
- Each actin (thin) filament is made of two ‘F’ (filamentous) actins helically wound to each other. Each ‘F’ actin is a polymer of monomeric ‘G’ (Globular) actins. Two filaments of another protein, tropomyosin also run close to the ‘F’ actins throughout its length. A complex protein troponin is distributed at regular intervals on the tropomyosin.
- Hence, the important muscles proteins that help in the movement are actin and myosin, troponin and tropomyosin.
- So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.

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Locomotion and Movement Test - 31

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Locomotion and Movement Test - 31

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Question 1

a-pubis, b-acetabulum, c-ilium, d-ischium, e-pubic symphysis

a-ilium, b-acetabulum, c-pubis, d-ischium, e-pubic symphysis

a-ischium, b-acetabulum, c-pubis, d-ilium, e-pubic symphysis

a-ilium, b-pubis, c-acetabulum, d-ubic symphysis, e-ischium

a-ilium, b-acetabulum, c-pubic symphysis, d-ischium, e-pubis

Solution

Question 2

Troponin-C

Troponin-A

Calmodulin

Cal bindin

Solution

Question 3

Muscular dystrophy $$\rightarrow$$ Age related shortening of muscles

Myasthenia gravis $$\rightarrow$$ Autoimmune disorder which inhibits sliding of myosin filaments

Gout $$\rightarrow$$ Inflammation of joints due to extra deposition of calcium

Osteoporosis $$\rightarrow$$ Decrease in bone mass and higher chances of fractures with advancing age

Solution

Question 4

Sternum and ribs $$\rightarrow$$ Axial skeleton

Clavicle and glenoid cavity $$\rightarrow$$ Pelvic girdle

Humerus and ulna $$\rightarrow$$ Appendicular skeleton

Malleus and stapes $$\rightarrow$$ Ear ossicles

Solution

Question 5

A nerve

An artery

A vein

Part of skeleton and an artery

Solution

Question 6

i, iii and iv are correct

i and iii are correct

i, ii and iii are correct

i, ii and iv are correct

ii and iv are correct

Solution

Question 7

Actin

Troponin

Tropomyosin

Myosin

Solution

Question 8

Two innominates

Two clavicles and two scapula

One clavicle and one scapula

Two clavicles and one scapula

Solution

Question 9

Ca-binding sites on actin

Ca-binding sites on troponin

Actin binding sites on myosin

Myosin binding sites on actin

Solution

Question 10

Actin and myosin

Troponin

Tropomyosin

All of the above

Solution

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