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Chemical Coordination and Integration Test 38

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Chemical Coordination and Integration Test 38
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Coordinator between nervous and endocrine systems is 
    Solution
    The coordination and integration in different organs of human body is maintained by nervous system and endocrine system. Nervous system is the system of nerve cells through which information is  carried between organs and organ systems. The organs where these nerve cells do not innervate are regulated by endocrine system which consists of endocrine glands secreting chemical messengers or hormones. Hence, nervous system and endocrine system work in a coordinated manner and this coordination is maintained by hypothalamus. Hypothalamus regulates many body functions and secrete many releasing and inhibiting hormones which stimulates synthesis or inhibition of hormones from pituitary gland. The hormones from pituitary gland then regulate hormones secretion from other endocrine glands.
    So, the correct answer is 'Hypothalamus'.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Serotonin and melatonin are hormones secreted by 
    Solution
    A. Pancreas has two types of cells in the islet of Langerhans called alpha cells and beta cells which produce glucagon and insulin respectively.
    B. Pineal body secreted melatonin and serotonin.
    C. Pituitary gland has two parts adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis. Adenohypophysis secretes growth hormone (GH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH), prolactin (PRL), follicle stimulating hormone(FSH)  and luteinizing hormone (LH). Neurohypophysis secretes vasopressin and oxytocin. 
    D. Thymus secretes peptide hormones thymosins.
    So, the correct answer is 'Pineal body'.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    What is the function of 'P' in the given figure?

    Solution
    In the given figure, 'P' represents zona glomerulosa which is the most superficial layer of adrenal cortex (outer region of kidney). The cells of zona glomerulosa secrete aldosterone which is a mineralocorticoid and maintains electrolyte balance of body as it stimulates absorption of sodium and promotes excretion of potassium. It also participates in RAAS (Rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system) mechanism to regulate blood pressure an fluid balance in the body.
    So, the correct answer is 'Regulate mineral metabolism'.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    The function of pineal body is to
    Solution
    Pineal body is an endocrine gland. It is located in the epithalamus, near the center of the brain. It is known to secrete one hormone melatonin. Melatonin lightens skin colour in certain animals and also regulates working of gonads like testes and ovaries. It is inhibited by light and triggered by darkness.

  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    The common passage for bile and pancreatic juice is
    Solution
    Hepato-pancreatic duct also known as Ampulla of vater is formed by the union of common bile duct and pancreatic duct, thus serving as their common passage into the duodenum.

  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Feeling tremors of an earthquake a scared resident of seventh floor of multistoryed building starts climbing down the stairs rapidly. Which hormone initiated this action?
    Solution
    Adrenaline is known as epinephrine. It is produced by the adrenal medulla. This hormone prepares the body for emergency reactions like fight and flight. Thus, there is the increase in heart rate, breathing rate, blood pressure, the glucose level in blood, peripheral circulation, etc.
    Glucagon increases the blood sugar level. It is secreted by alpha cells of the pancreas.
    Gastrin stimulates the stomach mucosa to produce hydrochloric acid.
    Thyroxine is secreted by the thyroid glands which is involved in the metabolic rate of the body.
    So, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Identify the hormone with its correct matching of source and function.
    Solution
    Melatonin, is a hormone that is produced by the pineal gland and regulates sleep and wakefulness. Blood levels of the pineal hormone melatonin are high at night and low during the day. There, a special center called the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) initiates signals to other parts of the brain that control hormones, body temperature and other functions that play a role in making us feel sleepy or wide awake. During the day the pineal is inactive. When the sun goes down and darkness occurs, the pineal is "turned on" by the SCN and begins to actively produce melatonin, which is released into the blood. As a result, melatonin levels in the blood rise sharply and you begin to feel less alert. Sleep becomes more inviting. 
    So, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Which of the following statements is correct in relation to the endocrine system?
    Solution

    Correct Option: C

    Explanation:

    • Hormones are chemicals that have no nutritional value and their only function is to act as messengers between different organs of the body.
    • They are produced in trace amounts from endocrine glands and released directly into the blood through which they are transported to their target organs.
    • Adenohypophysis or the anterior pituitary is under indirect regulation of the hypothalamus through the portal system.
    • The gastrointestinal tract produces gastrin, secretin, CCK and GIP, the heart produces atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), the kidney produces erythropoietin and the liver produces angiotensinogen.
    • Releasing and inhibitory hormones are produced by the hypothalamus through which it controls the pituitary gland.

    Hence, in relation to the endocrine system, non-nutrient chemicals produced by the body in trace amount that act as intercellular messenger are known as hormones.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    When both ovaries are removed from rat, which hormone is decreased in blood?
    Solution
    Oxytocin is a neuropeptide released by the posterior pituitary.
    Prolactin is mainly used to produce milk.
    GnRH is secreted by the anterior pituitary and it stimulates the secretion of LH and FSH.
    If both the ovaries are removed then the blood plasma level of oestrogen will be affected as it is produced by theca interna cells of Graafian follicles. Oestrogen is the hormone which mainly regulates the growth and development of female accessory reproductive organs, secondary sexual characters, and the sexual behavior.
    So, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Example of sex hormones secreted by ovary is
    Solution

    At puberty, hypothalamus releases gonadotrohphin releasing hormone (GnRH) which stimulates the anterior pituitary gland. the latter secrete the FSH/LH from the anterior pituitary gland.

    FSH- Stimulate the growth of graffian follicle, maturation of ovum, secretion of estrogen by follicle cells. Estrogen, or oestrogen, is the primary female sex hormone. It is responsible for the development and regulation of the female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics.

    LH- The luteinising hormone stimulates release of ovum( ovulation), formation of corpus luteum in the empty follicle and secretion of progesterone from the corpus luteum. Progesterone suspends ovulation during pregnancy, maintains foetal connection with the uterine wall and controls development of foetus in the uterus. If fertilization fails, means no pregnancy so progesterone level decreases to restart the process of ovulation.

    So, the correct answer is 'Progesterone and estrogen'.
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