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Chemical Coordination and Integration Test 62

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Chemical Coordination and Integration Test 62
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    If receptor molecule is removed from target organ for hormone action, the target organ will 
    Solution
    Hormones are long-range chemical messengers that are released into the blood by endocrine gland in response to some signal. These hormones exert their effect on the target cells by their interaction with receptors present on the cell surface. Removal of receptors from the target organ would make them irresponsive to hormones. The correct answer is D.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Which one of the following endocrine glands functions as a biological clock and neurosecretory transducer? 
    Solution
    The pineal gland or epiphysis synthesizes and secretes melatonin hormone, that communicates information about environmental lighting to various parts of the body. It is attached to the roof of third ventricle in the rear part of brain. It functions as a biological clock and a neurosensory transducer, converting the neural information.  
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Parathyroid hormone is a 
    Solution
    Parathyroid hormone (PTH) or parathormone is secreted by the chief cells of the parathyroid glands as a polypeptide containing 84 amino acids. It acts to increase the concentration of calcium in the blood.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Injury to adrenal cortex is not likely to affect the secretion of which one of the following?
    Solution

    Solution:

    • Correct answer is option A. 

    • Explanation for the correct option
    • The adrenal gland is made up of two parts- the outer portion called the cortex and the inner portion called the medulla. 
    • The cortex produces cortisol which is an important hormone for controlling blood pressure. 
    • While the medulla produces hormone adrenaline also called as epinephrine and these are both released in response to stress. Thus an injury to the adrenal cortex will affect cortisol secretion not an hormone adrenaline.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    The modern idea about ageing is that our body slowly loses the power of defence against the invasion of germs and pathogens. This gradual loss/decrease in the immunity can be attributed to which organ?
    Solution
    The thymus grows rapidly and attains its greatest size relative to the rest of the body during foetal life and the first years after birth. Thereafter, it continues to grow, but more slowly than the other organs. The thymus is responsible for the maturation of the T-lymphocytes which the most critical cells for maintaining the immunity of the body. At the onset of puberty, the thymus begins a slow process of shrinking. This gradual diminution in size continues for the rest of the individual's life. During the involution or shrinking of the thymus, the cortex becomes thin. Lymphocytes disappear and are replaced by fat tissue from the partitions between the lobules.  Thus, the loss of lymphocytes will result in decreased immune power.  Thus, the correct option is B.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    The fate of hormone bound to the specific receptors on the cell surface can be traced through 
    Solution
    Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) is an optical technique capable of quantifying the two-dimensional lateral diffusion of a molecularly thin film containing fluorescently labelled probes or to examine single cells. This technique is very useful in biological studies of cell membrane diffusion and protein binding.  Therefore, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Steroid hormones transmit their information by 
    Solution
    There are specific receptors for the binding of hormones. Steroid hormones have nuclear receptors. These steroid hormones are composed of cholesterol a dare hydrophobic in nature. They enter the cells through cell membranes. They move towards the nucleus and bind to the respective receptor. They have the activity like repression, initiation or transcription of certain genes and products. 
    So, the correct answer is option C. 
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is an accumulation and release centre of neurohormones?   
    Solution
    Neurohormones are the hormones which are produced by the nerve cells such as vasopressin and nor-adrenaline. These neurohormones are activated and released by a small region of brain that is called hypothalamus.
    So, the correct option is option C.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Ductless glands are also known as
    Solution
    The endocrine gland is called the ductless glands because there are no ducts in the glands. The products such as hormones are secreted and goes directly to the bloodstream. So there is no need for glands to collect and distribute the products, it just goes straight to the blood. Exocrine glands are the ones that do require ducts.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Which of the following steriod sex hormone influence secondary sex organs? 
    Solution
    Oestrogen is a steroid hormone which is secreted by females gonads. Oestrogen is the hormone which is responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics in the female at puberty. It causes the development of breasts, axial and pubic hair and fat distribution. It is also responsible for the maintenance and maturation of the sexual organs in the human body. The hormone also plays role in thickening of the endometrium and other aspects of menstrual cycle and pregnancy.
    So, the correct answer is option B. 
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