Biomolecules Test

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Biomolecules Test - 14

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

What is the similarity between DNA and RNA?

A
Both are polymer of nucleotides

B
Both have similar pyrimidine

C
Both have similar sugar

D
Both are genetic material
Solution
- DNA and RNA both are polymers of nucleotides. They are long polymers made from repeating units called nucleotides.
- The strands are known as polynucleotides since they are composed of simpler units called nucleotides.
- Each nucleotide is composed of a nitrogen-containing nucleobase as well as a monosaccharide sugar and a phosphate group.
So, the correct answer is option A.
Question 2
1 / -0

Identify the substances having a glycosidic bond and peptide bond, respectively in their structure.

A
Glycerol, trypsin

B
Cellulose, lecithin

C
Inulin, insulin

D
Chitin, cholesterol

Solution

Inulin is a polysaccharide molecule having β(2→1) glycosidic bond. Insulin is a protein molecule having peptide bond.
Thus, the correct answer is (C).
Question 3
1 / -0

The essential chemical components of many coenzymes are

A
Proteins

B
Nucleic acid

C
Carbohydrates

D
Vitamins

Solution

Essential chemical components of many coenzymes are vitamins, e.g, coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and NADP contain the vitamin niacin. Thus option D is the correct answer.
Question 4
1 / -0

Macromolecule chitin is

A
Nitrogen containing polysaccharide.

B
Phosphorus containing polysaccharide.

C
Sulphur containing polysaccharide.

D
Simple polysaccharide.

Solution

Chitin is a long-chain polymer of a N-acetylglucosamine. It is a nitrogen containing polysaccharide and a derivative of glucose. It is a characteristic component of the cell walls of fungi, the exoskeletons of arthropods such as crustaceans and insects, the radulae of molluscs, and the beaks and internal shells of cephalopods, including squid and octopuses.
Question 5
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Select the correct match :

A
T. H. Morgan - Transduction

B
Ribozyme - Nucleic acid

C
G. Mendel - Transformation

D
$$F_2 \times$$ Recessive parent - Dihybrid cross
Solution
1. TH Morgan discovered the phenomenon of linkage in Drosophila melanogaster.
2. Ribozymes which are also known as ribonucleic acid enzymes are the RNA molecules that can catalyze specific biochemical reactions.
3. G. Mendel who is known as the father of modern genetics, discovered the basic principles of heredity.
4. Cross of F2 with the recessive parent is called test cross.
Hence, the correct match is 2. So, the correct answer is option 2.
Question 6
1 / -0

The 3'-5' phosphodiester linkages inside a polynucleotide chain serve to join

A
One nitrogenous base with pentose sugar

B
One DNA strand with the other DNA strand

C
One nucleoside with another nucleoside

D
One nucleotide with another nucleotide
Solution
- A strand of DNA or RNA consists of nucleotides linked together by phosphodiester bonds.
- A phosphodiester bond exists between the phosphate of one nucleotide and the sugar 3' carbon of the next nucleotide.
- This forms a backbone of alternating sugar and phosphate molecules known as the sugar-phosphate backbone.
- The two strands of DNA are also antiparallel (run in opposite directions) to one another. A strand of DNA can have direction 5'-3' or 3'- 5'.
- One strand of the DNA molecule is 5'-3' and the other strand is 3'-5'. A DNA strand is assigned direction based on what is found at the end of the strands.
- The end of the strand with a free phosphate is the 5' end because phosphate attaches to the 5' carbon of the sugar.
- The end with a free OH group is the 3' end because the OH group is attached to the 3' carbon of the sugar.
So, the correct answer is option D.
Question 7
1 / -0

Which of the following is the least likely to be involved in stabilizing the three-dimensional folding of most proteins?

A
Hydrophobic interaction

B
Ester bonds

C
Hydrogen bonds

D
Electrostatic interaction

Solution

Three-dimensional folding of proteins refers to bringing the amino acids that are located far apart in the polypeptide sequence together within the completely folded structure of a protein. Different types of weak interaction hold the interacting segments together in protein. Hydrophobic interaction, H bonds and electrostatic interactions are the weak ones and stabilize the tertiary structure of proteins while ester bonds are covalent bonds and are least likely to be found therein.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.
Question 8
1 / -0

Which one of the following biomolecules is correctly characterised?

A
Palmitic acid - an unsaturated fatty acid with $$18$$ carbon atoms.

B
Adenylic acid - adenosine with a glucose phosphate molecule.

C
Alanine amino acid - Contains an amino group and an acidic group anywhere in the molecule.

D
Lecithin - a phosphorylated glycerine found in cell membrane.

Solution

Palmitic acid is a saturated fatty acid. It is mainly found in animals, plants, and microorganisms.Its chemical formula is CH$$_3$$(CH$$_2$$)$$_{14}$$COOH.
Adenosine monophosphate (AMP), also known as 5'-adenylic acid, is a nucleotide. It is used as a monomer in DNA and RNA. It is an ester of phosphoric acid and the nucleoside adenosine. AMP consists of a phosphate group, the sugar ribose, and the nucleobase adenine.
Alanine is an -amino acid with the chemical formula CH$$_3$$CH(NH$$_2$$)COOH. The L-isomer is one of the 20 amino acids encoded by the genetic code. Its codons are GCU, GCC, GCA, and GCG. It is classified as a non-polar amino acid.
Lecithin is the major component of phospholipid portion of cell membrane. Thus, option D is correct and other options are wrong.
So, the correct answer is option D.
Question 9
1 / -0

For its activity, carboxypeptidase requires

A
Iron.

B
Niacin.

C
Copper.

D
Zinc.

Solution

Correct Option: D
Explanation:
A carboxypeptidase is a protease chemical that hydrolyzes a peptide bond at the carboxy-terminal of a protein or peptide. Thus, carboxypeptidase requires zinc for its action, and not iron, niacin, or copper.

Humans, animals, and plants contain several types of carboxypeptidases that have diverse functions ranging from catabolism to protein maturation. It is a good illustration of the induced-fit theory, because the active site changes appreciably when the substrate binds. As the protein substrate binds to carboxypeptidase, the active site closes in around it. Hydrolysis of the peptide bond is most likely to occur if the terminal residue has an aromatic or bulky hydrocarbon side chain. A zinc ion (Zn$$^{2+}$$) is tightly bound near the active site and assists in catalysis. Three hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions are critical for the enzyme to recognize the terminal amino acid in the peptide chain. The intermediate is stabilized by interactions with Zn$$^{2+}$$ and the carboxypeptidase molecule. The last step is a proton transfer and cleavage of the peptide bond. This entire process requires considerable mobility of the carboxypeptidase A protein itself. So, for its activity, carboxypeptidase requires zinc and not iron, niacin or copper.
Question 10
1 / -0

Telomerase is an enzyme which is a

A
Simple protein

B
RNA

C
Ribonucleoprotein

D
Repetitive DNA
Solution
Solution:
Correct answer is option C.
Explanation for correct answer:

Telomerase is also called terminal transferase, is a ribonucleoprotein.
Telomerase is the enzyme responsible for the maintenance of the length of telomeres by the addition of guanine-rich repetitive sequences.
Telomeres safeguard the chromosome's end against DNA damage and chromosomal fusion with neighbouring chromosomes

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Biomolecules Test - 14

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Biomolecules Test - 14

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Both are polymer of nucleotides

Both have similar pyrimidine

Both have similar sugar

Both are genetic material

Solution

Question 2

Glycerol, trypsin

Cellulose, lecithin

Inulin, insulin

Chitin, cholesterol

Solution

Question 3

Proteins

Nucleic acid

Carbohydrates

Vitamins

Solution

Question 4

Nitrogen containing polysaccharide.

Phosphorus containing polysaccharide.

Sulphur containing polysaccharide.

Simple polysaccharide.

Solution

Question 5

T. H. Morgan - Transduction

Ribozyme - Nucleic acid

G. Mendel - Transformation

$$F_2 \times$$ Recessive parent - Dihybrid cross

Solution

Question 6

One nitrogenous base with pentose sugar

One DNA strand with the other DNA strand

One nucleoside with another nucleoside

One nucleotide with another nucleotide

Solution

Question 7

Hydrophobic interaction

Ester bonds

Hydrogen bonds

Electrostatic interaction

Solution

Question 8

Palmitic acid - an unsaturated fatty acid with $$18$$ carbon atoms.

Adenylic acid - adenosine with a glucose phosphate molecule.

Alanine amino acid - Contains an amino group and an acidic group anywhere in the molecule.

Lecithin - a phosphorylated glycerine found in cell membrane.

Solution

Question 9

Iron.

Niacin.

Copper.

Zinc.

Solution

Question 10

Simple protein

RNA

Ribonucleoprotein

Repetitive DNA

Solution

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