Environmental Chemistry Test

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Environmental Chemistry Test - 52

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Question 1
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Pollution is:

A
removal of top soil

B
release of toxic/undesirable materials in environment

C
conservation of energy

D
all of the above

Solution

Pollution is defined as the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse change. Pollution can take the form of chemical substances or energy, such as noise, heat, or light. Pollutants, the components of pollution, can be either foreign substances/energies or naturally occurring contaminants.

From the given options, we can say that pollution is the release of toxic/undesirable materials in the environment.
Question 2
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Multiple Choice Questions
Photochemical smog consists of

A
$$SO_2, CO_2$$ hydrocarbons

B
$$O_3, SO_2$$ hydrocarbons

C
$$O_3, PAN, NO_X$$

D
$$SO_2, PAN$$, smoke

Solution

Photochemical smog is caused by high levels of O$$_3$$, NO$$_x$$ and PAN at high temperature and still air. It is induced by the action of sunlight or solar radiation over these pollutants.
So, the correct answer is O$$_3$$, NO$$_x$$ and PAN
Question 3
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Acid rains are produced by:

A
excess $${NO}_{2}$$ and $${SO}_{2}$$ from burning fossil fuels

B
excess production of $${NH}_{3}$$ by industry and coal gas

C
excess release of carbon monoxide by incomplete combustion

D
excess formation of $${CO}_{2}$$ by combustion and animal respiration

Solution
Question 4
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Multiple Choice Questions
In an area where DDT had been used extensively, the bird population declined significantly due to

A
Birds stopped laying eggs

B
earthworms disappeared from the area

C
many of the birds eggs did not hatch

D
snakes started feeding exclusively on birds.

Solution

For an area where DDT had been used extensively, there's a likelihood of its biomagnification. Biomagnification refers to an increase in concentration of toxic substances due to its accumulation at successive trophic levels. Biomagnification of DDT disturbs calcium metabolism in birds leading to thinning of eggshells and its premature breaking or underdevelopment ceasing its hatching. This leads to a significant decrease in their population.
So, the correct answer is option C, many of the birds eggs did not hatch.
Question 5
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Multiple Choice Questions
Photochemical smog does not possess

A
Ozone

B
$$CO_2$$

C
Nitrogen dioxide

D
PAN

Solution

Photochemical smog is caused by high levels of O$$_3$$, NO$$_x$$ and PAN at high temperature and still air. It is induced by the action of sunlight or solar radiation over these pollutants. However, CO$$_2$$ is not among the components involved in the formation of photochemical smog.
So, the correct answer is CO$$_2$$.
Question 6
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Phosphate pollution is caused by:

A
weathering of phosphate rocks only

B
agriculatural fertilizers only

C
phosphate rocks and sewage

D
sewage and agricultural fertilizers

Solution

Nitrates in water can cause severe illness in infants and domestic animals. Common sources of excess nitrate reaching lakes and streams include septic systems, animal feedlots, agricultural fertilizers, manure, industrial wastewaters, sanitary landfills, and garbage dumps. So D is the correct option.
Question 7
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Ozone layer depletion may lead to which of the following harmful effects in organisms?

A
Skin cancer

B
Cataract

C
Damage to the immune system

D
All of the above

Solution

Ozone gas is found in the stratosphere of the atmosphere. The ozone layer protects the earth from the harmful ultraviolet rays emitted from the sun. Ozone layer depletion has many adverse serious environmental effects. It may result in global warming. The ultraviolet radiations exposure leads to skin cancer like malignant melanoma. It also increases the rate of ageing in an individual. It also has harmful effect on the eyes. It may cause cataract. Immune system is also affected by this harmful ultraviolet radiations. Apart from humans, ozone layer depletion affects marine, aquatic and other forms of life as well.
Thus, the correct answer is 'All of the above.'
Question 8
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Which harmful radiations are absorbed by ozen layer?

A
UV

B
X-RAY

C
Visible light

D
Gamma rays
Solution
- The ozone layer or ozone($$O_3$$) shield is a region of Earth's stratosphere that absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet(UV)radiation.
- Overexposure to UV radiation may cause skin cancer, damage of the eye and the suppression of the immune system.
- Hence The harmful radiations are absorbed by ozone layer UV.
- So, the correct answer is 'UV'.
Question 9
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The maximum hole of ozone is found over ______

A
Arctic zone

B
Antarctic zone

C
Tropical zone

D
Subtropical zone

Solution

Ozone-depleting substances are present throughout the stratospheric ozone layer because they are transported great distances by atmospheric air motions. The severe depletion of the Antarctic ozone layer known as the “ozone hole” occurs because of the special atmospheric and chemical conditions that exist there and nowhere else on the globe. The very low winter temperatures in the Antarctic stratosphere cause polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) to form. Special reactions that occur on PSCs, combined with the relative isolation of polar stratospheric air, allow chlorine and bromine reactions to produce the ozone hole in Antarctic springtime.
So, the correct answer is 'Antarctic zone'.
Question 10
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Modes of controlling pollution in large cities include :

A
less use of insecticides

B
proper disposal of organic wastes, sewage and industrial effluents

C
shifting of factories out of the residential area

D
all of the above

Solution

A person who is exposed to small amounts of insecticides over a long period of time can experience the effects of chronic poisoning and also pesticide spray can drift and pollute the air. Thus less use of insecticides should be done.
Also, proper disposal of organic waste, sewage, and industrial waste also reduce pollution.
Shifting large factories out of the residential area prevents less human contact with the pollution.
Hence, all options are the correct modes of controlling pollution in large cities.

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Environmental Chemistry Test - 52

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Environmental Chemistry Test - 52

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

removal of top soil

release of toxic/undesirable materials in environment

conservation of energy

all of the above

Solution

Question 2

$$SO_2, CO_2$$ hydrocarbons

$$O_3, SO_2$$ hydrocarbons

$$O_3, PAN, NO_X$$

$$SO_2, PAN$$, smoke

Solution

Question 3

excess $${NO}_{2}$$ and $${SO}_{2}$$ from burning fossil fuels

excess production of $${NH}_{3}$$ by industry and coal gas

excess release of carbon monoxide by incomplete combustion

excess formation of $${CO}_{2}$$ by combustion and animal respiration

Solution

Question 4

Birds stopped laying eggs

earthworms disappeared from the area

many of the birds eggs did not hatch

snakes started feeding exclusively on birds.

Solution

Question 5

Ozone

$$CO_2$$

Nitrogen dioxide

PAN

Solution

Question 6

weathering of phosphate rocks only

agriculatural fertilizers only

phosphate rocks and sewage

sewage and agricultural fertilizers

Solution

Question 7

Skin cancer

Cataract

Damage to the immune system

All of the above

Solution

Question 8

UV

X-RAY

Visible light

Gamma rays

Solution

Question 9

Arctic zone

Antarctic zone

Tropical zone

Subtropical zone

Solution

Question 10

less use of insecticides

proper disposal of organic wastes, sewage and industrial effluents

shifting of factories out of the residential area

all of the above

Solution

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