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Environmental Chemistry Test - 66

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Environmental Chemistry Test - 66
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Weekly Quiz Competition
  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Ozone hole over Antarctica appears during
    Solution
    Polar spring, also known as the Antarctic Spring is the period from late August to early October and the strong westerlies circulate around the Antarctic continent creating a polar vortex. The polar vortex results in the formation of the polar stratospheric clouds which trap most of the gases including the ozone-depleting factors like CFCs, methyl bromide etc. 
    Hence, the correct answer is 'Late August - Early October'
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Ozone layer of upper atmosphere is being destroyed by
    Solution

    Ozone layer is formed in the stratosphere of the atmosphere by the action of UV rays on the oxygen molecules. This ozone layer acts as absorbant for the harmful UV radiations and so, these radiation do not cross the troposphere to reach the earth's surface. However, the ozone depleting pollutants like chlorofluorocarbons reach the stratosphere and break when exposed to the UV rays. This process releases the reactive chlorine which further reacts with ozone to form simple oxygen. That is how the ozone layer is depleted. Hence, the correct answer is 'Chlorofluorocarbons'.

  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Air pollutants that produce photochemical oxidants include
    Solution
    Photochemical oxidants are the secondary pollutants that are formed when the primary pollutants like hydrocarbons, oxides of sulphur, oxides of nitrogen react with sunlight. The nitrous oxide, nitric oxide and nitric acid are contributed by the vehicular exhausts, burning of fossils, fertilizers etc. The major products of this reaction include tropospheric ozone, peroxyacetyl nitrate and aldehydes. They also contribute to the formation of the photochemical smog.
    Hence, the correct answer is 'Nitrous oxide, nitric oxide and nitric acid'.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    CFCs split up in stratosphere to release chlorine by the action of
    Solution
    The UV-C radiations breakdown the bonds in the chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) to release the chlorine monoxide and the nascent chlorine. These further react with the ozone to split it into ordinary oxygen molecules. The oxygen molecules are further broken down into nascent oxygen, which acts as the radicle. 
    Hence, the correct answer is 'UV-C'.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Ozone depletion shall cause higher incidence of
    Solution
    Ozone depletion causes the harmful UV-B radiations to strike the earth surface. These radiations are capable of causing various health issues like malignant skin cancers, cataract, decreased immunity, decreased primary productivity, chlorophyll bleaching etc. 
    Hence, the correct answer is 'All of the above'
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Spraying of DDT produces pollution of
    Solution
    Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) was widely used as an insecticide. However, its usage resulted in the widespread pollution of air, water and soil. DDT is a stable compound but it evaporates very easily and mixes with the atmosphere to become an air pollutant and causing a number of respiratory diseases. It is absorbed by the soil particles such that it persists for longer duration and kills the essential microbial fauna. It does not dissolve in water but it dissolves in the adipose tissues of the aquatic animals. So, in water, it entered into the aquatic food chain and its successive consumption resulted in biomagnification.
    Hence, the correct answer is 'Air, water and soil'.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Chief air pollutant which is likely to deplete ozone layer is ________.
    Solution
    The ozone depleting substances include the chlorofluorocarbons, oxides of nitrogen, methyl bromide, carbon tetrachloride etc because these split up when exposed to UV radiations and release the reactive chlorine and bromine. These reactive species of chlorine and bromine then react with ozone to release the nascent oxygen. Sulphur dioxide and carbon dioxide are greenhouse gases. Carbon monoxide is an air pollutant.
    Hence, the correct answer is 'Nitrogen oxides and fluorocarbons'.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Increasing skin cancer and high mutation rate are due to _________.
    Solution
    The ozone layer in the stratosphere is useful because it absorbs the UV radiations from the sun and prevents them from reaching the earth's surface. The depletion of the ozone by the ozone-depleting substances causes the break down of the ozone resulting in the ozone depletion. Due to this, the lives on the earth's surface are exposed to the UV rays. These UV rays induce mutations in the DNA by distorting its structure, leading to the erroneous function and replication of the DNA. The uncontrolled errors at times cause uncontrolled cell proliferation, causing skin cancer.
    Hence, the correct answer is 'Ozone Depletion'.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    In coming years, skin related disorders will become more common due to ________.
    Solution
    The ever increase in the use of ozone-depleting substances like CFCs, HFCs, methyl bromide etc. will continue destroying the ozone layer in the stratosphere. The depletion of the ozone layer will result in the penetration of more UV-A and UV-B radiations to the earth surface. These radiations are strong mutagens as they distort the structure of the skin cell DNA when the skin is exposed to the UV rays. It results in skin related disorders like pigmentation, skin cancer etc. 
    Hence, the correct answer is 'Depeletion of the ozone layer'.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Indiscriminate use of fertilisers causes _______.
    Solution
    The use of chemical fertilisers have undoubtedly increased the potential of crops and nutrient quality in the soil, the excessive use of fertilisers containing nitrates, washed away from the soil by rainwater and directly enters water bodies. An overabundance of these minerals in water bodies causes depletion of oxygen resulting in the death of aquatic animals and contaminating the source of fresh water by acid release. The phenomenon of algal bloom, eutrophication and increase in biological oxygen demand are related to the indiscriminate use of fertilizers'
    Hence, the correct answer is 'Water Pollution'.
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