Hydrogen Test - 5

Cation exchange resin have exchangeable hydrogen ions which makes the water acidic.

Cation exchange resin have exchangeable hydrogen ions which makes the water acidic while anion exchange resin have exchangeable hydroxide ion which makes the water basic. Passing water to anion exchange resin as a second process after passing through anion exchange resin makes the water neutral.

Hydrogen, like the halogens, has one electron short of a complete outer shell and can form H- ions like Cl- and therefore forms ionic compounds with reactive metals – NaH similar in structure to NaCl. Hydrogen can gain one electron to form a duplet.Hydrogen also exists as a diatomic gas like fluorine and chlorine.

Loss of an electron from hydrogen atom results in a nucleus of very small size as compared to other atoms or ions.

H⁺ ion has exceptionally small size, so it can not exist freely.

As the size of cation increases ionic character also increases.

CaCO₃.Mg(OH)₂ can be precipitate out in order to remove temporary hardness.

Sodium hexametaphosphate is called calgon. Its molecular formula is (NaPO₃)₆ or Na₆P₆O₁₈.

The addition of Calgon to hard water causes the calcium and magnesium ions of hard water to displace sodium ions from the anion of Calgon. This results in the removal of calcium and magnesium ions from hard water in the form of a complex with Calgon. The water is softened and sodium ions are released into water.

There are three isotopes of hydrogen namely, protium ₁H¹, deuterium ₁H² or D and lastly tritium ₁H³ or T.

Out of these three isotopes of hydrogen, only tritium is radioactive in nature which emits low energy b particles. As the electronic configuration of isotopes is same, they all have similar chemical properties. But they have a difference in their rates of reaction, this happens because of the different bond disassociation enthalpies.