Interior of the Earth Test - 2

The crust and the uppermost part of the mantle are called lithosphere. 

The upper portion of the mantle is called asthenosphere. 

However, the seismographs located beyond 145° from epicentre, record the arrival of P-waves, but not that of S-waves. Thus, a zone between 105° and 145° from epicentre was identified as the shadow zone for both types of waves. 

Between 85 and 90 percent of Earth's iron is concentrated in the core, and the given area of A represents Core area of the Earth.

The outer core is made from molten iron and nickel with some molten rock.

From the geothermal gradient, it is also obvious that the outer core/mantle boundary is a big insulator. Since these two are separate heat transfer from the outer core to the mantle is also mainly by conduction.

The most well-known types of volcanoes are cinder cones, composite volcanoes (stratovolcanoes), and shield volcanoes.

The mean thickness of oceanic crust is 5 km whereas that of the continental is around 30 km. The continental crust is thicker in the areas of major mountain systems. It is as much as 70 km thick in the Himalayan region.

The magnitude scale is known as the Richter scale. 

The intensity scale is named after Mercalli, an Italian seismologist. The intensity scale takes into account the visible damage caused by the event. The range of intensity scale is from 1-12.