Towards Modernization Test - 3

Chinese immigrants provided cheap labour. The government became uneasy about being dependent on non-whites. However, the government in both the countries banned Chinese immigrants.

The Indian Rebellion of 1857, also known as the Sepoy Mutiny or the First War of Independence, was a significant uprising against British colonial rule in India. While the rebellion was primarily a response to various grievances, including social, economic, and political factors, it ultimately resulted in severe reprisals and punitive measures by the British authorities. In the aftermath of the rebellion, there were widespread punitive actions, including mass executions, punitive expeditions, and land confiscations, leading to the displacement of millions of indigenous people from their ancestral lands. Additionally, the British colonial administration implemented various policies and practices that further marginalized indigenous communities and disrupted their traditional ways of life. 

In 1968, anthropologist W.E.H. Stanner delivered a lecture entitled 'The Great Australian Silence', which brought attention to the silence of historians about the Aboriginal people in Australia. This lecture was significant in drawing awareness to the neglect of Aboriginal history and culture in mainstream narratives.

“Terra nullius” is a Latin term that means “land belonging to no one.” In a legal context, the term is often used to describe territory that is considered to be unoccupied or uninhabited, and therefore available for acquisition by a state or individual.

The Rebellions of 1837 took place in both Upper and Lower Canada. In Lower Canada, the rebellion was, in large part, an expression of a resurgent French Canadian Nationalism. The French Canadian majority constituted the overwhelming majority in the locally elected Assembly, established by the Canada or Constitutional Act, 1791.

The forced displacement of the Cherokee Nation, known as the "Trail of Tears," occurred in the 1830s as a result of the Indian Removal Act. This government policy authorized the relocation of Native American tribes, including the Cherokee, from their ancestral lands in the southeastern United States to Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma), leading to immense suffering and loss of life along the forced migration routes.

The sharp decrease in the population of native people in America was primarily due to various factors, including the harsh conditions they faced in reservations and the atrocities inflicted upon them by European colonizers. Native Americans were often forcibly removed from their ancestral lands and relocated to reservations, where they had to endure unfavorable living conditions, including inclement weather and inadequate resources. Additionally, European settlers frequently engaged in violent conflicts with native tribes, leading to massacres, disease epidemics, and displacement, all of which contributed to a significant decline in the native population over time.

Under the orders of US President Andrew Jackson, the US army evicted thousands of Cherokees, and forced them to move west, to the Great American Desert. Many Cherokees died along the way. This incident is known as the 'Trail of Tears'.

The Metis revolted against the colonization of their land between 1869 and 1885.

Americans felt sympathy for the natives who were beingdiscouraged from the full exercise of their cultures and simultaneouslydenied the benefits of citizenship. This led to a landmark law in the USA,the Indian Reorganisation Act of 1934, which gave natives in reservationsthe right to buy land and take loans.