Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test

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Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test - 45

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Which one of the following is not a correct match?

A
Tumor Inducing - Ti plasmid

B
DNA probe - Identifies the desired DNA fragment

C
PCR - DNA staining

D
Agarose - Sea weeds

Solution

PCR stands for Polymerase Chain Reaction which is used for amplification of DNA. Rest 3 options are correct as Ti for Tumor inducing, DNA probe identifies the desired DNA fragment and agarose is used as matrix in get electrophoresis.
So, the correct option is option C.
Question 2
1 / -0

Enzyme' Taq polymerase' used in PCR, has been isolated from bacterium _________________.

A
Agrobacterium tumefaciens

B
Thermus aquaticus

C
Streptomyces albus

D
Escherichia coli

Solution

The final step of PCR is the extension, wherein Taq DNA polymerase is isolated from a thermophilic bacterium Thermus aquaticus.
Question 3
1 / -0

In biolistic method of gene transfer, the microparticles coated with foreign DNA are bombarded into target cells at a very high velocity. These microparticles are made up of

A
Silver or Tungsten

B
Arsenic or Silver

C
Gold or Tungsten

D
None of these

Solution

Biolistic method or gene gun method is a direct or vectorless method of introducing DNA into cells that involves bombardment of cells with high-velocity microprojectiles coated with DNA. In biolistic method, tungsten or gold particles, coated with foreign DNA are bombarded into target at a very high velocity.
So, the correct answer is 'Gold or tungsten'.
Question 4
1 / -0

Which of the following is not used to transfer the recombinant DNA into the host?

A
Micro-injection method

B
Gene gun method

C
Bioreactors

D
Disarmed pathogen vectors

Solution

Bioreactors are considered as vessels in which raw materials are biologically converted into specific products by microbes, plant and animal cells or their enzymes. To produce large quantities of these products, bioreactors are used where large volumes (100-1000 litres) of culture can be processed. Bioreactor provides the optimal conditions for obtaining the desired product by providing optimum growth conditions such as temperature, pH, substrate, vitamins, oxygen and salts.
So, the correct answer is 'Bioreactors'.

Question 5

1 / -0

Given table gives an account of differences between PCR and gene cloning. Which of the, following points shows the incorrect difference?

	Parameter	PCR	Gene cloning
1	Efficient	More	Less
2	Apparatus Requirement	DNA	Restriction enzyme, ligase, vector, bacterial cell
3	Manipulation	In vitro	In vitro and in vivo
4	Cost	More	Less
5	Automation	Yes	No
6	Error probability	Less	More
7	Time for a typical experiment	2-4 days	4 hours
8	Application	More	Less

1 and 3

4 and 6

4 and 7

4, 7 and 8

Solution

Correct option: C

Explanation:

PCR or polymerase chain reaction is more efficient in producing DNA fragments than gene cloning.
PCR requires only template DNA, while gene cloning requires restriction enzymes, ligase, vector and bacterial cell for cloning.
PCR is performed invitro and Gene cloning is performed both Invitro and Invivo.
PCR is cost effective and less costlier than Gene cloning. ( 4 is wrong)
PCR is machine automated and Gene cloning doesn't have any.
PCR has less error ratio than gene cloning.
PCR requires max. 4 hours for an experiment, and gene cloning can take days to months to give appropriate results.
Currently, PCR is having wide range of application in fields of science than Gene cloning.
Thus only 4 and 7 are incorrect differences. Option C is correct.

Question 6
1 / -0

In a polymerase chain reaction, temperature required for the steps (i) Denaturation,(ii) Annealing, and (iii) Extension are respectively.

A
(i) $$94^o$$$$C$$ (ii) $$40^o$$$$C$$ (iii) $$72^o$$$$C$$

B
(i) $$40^o$$$$C$$ (ii) $$72^o$$$$C$$ (iii) $$94^o$$$$C$$

C
(i) $$94^o$$$$C$$ (ii) $$72^o$$$$C$$ (iii) $$40^o$$$$C$$

D
(i) $$72^o$$$$C$$ (ii) $$94^o$$$$C$$ (iii) $$40^o$$$$C$$
Solution
At the start of PCR, the DNA from which a segment is to be amplified, an excess of the two primer molecules, the four deoxynucleoside triphosphates and the DNA polymerase are mixed in the reaction mixture that has appropriate quantities of $$Mg^{2+}$$.
The reaction mixture is first heated to a temperature between $$90-$$$$98^oC$$ (commonly $$94^oC$$) that ensures DNA denaturation. Every single strand of the target DNA then acts as a template for DNA synthesis. This is the denaturation step. The duration of this step in the first cycle of PCR is usually 2 min at $$94^oC$$.
The mixture is now cooled to a temperature (generally $$40-60^oC$$) that permits annealing of the primer to the complementary sequences in the DNA. This step is called annealing. The duration of the annealing step is usually 1 min.
The primers are extended towards each other so that the DNA segment lying between the two primers is copied, this is ensured by employing primers complementary to the 3': ends of the segment to be amplified. The duration of primer extension is usually 2 min at $$72^oC$$.
Question 7
1 / -0

Which of the following statements are correct with respect to a bioreactor?
(i) It can process large volumes of culture(ii) It provides optimum temperature and pH(iii) It is a completely automated tool(iv) It is a compact thermal cycler.

A
(i) and (ii)

B
(i), (ii) and (iii)

C
(iii) and (iv)

D
(ii) and (iii)

Solution

Bioreactors are considered as vessels in which raw materials are biologically converted into specific products by microbes, plant and animal cells or their enzymes. To produce large quantities of these products, bioreactors are used where large volumes (100-1000 liters) of culture can be processed. The bioreactor provides the optimal conditions for obtaining the desired product by providing optimum growth conditions such as temperature, pH, substrate, vitamins, oxygen, and salts.
So, The correct answer is (A).
Question 8
1 / -0

The correct sequence of different steps of polymerase chain reaction is

A
Annealing denaturation extension

B
Denaturation extension annealing

C
Denaturation annealing extension

D
Extension denaturation annealing

Solution

Polymerase chain reaction is a technique used to replicate a fragment of DNA so as to produce many copies of a particular DNA sequence. A single PCR amplification cycle involves three basic steps: denaturation, annealing and extension (polymerisation).
So, the correct answer is 'Denaturation annealing extension'.
Question 9
1 / -0

In addition to Taq polymerase enzyme which other thermostable DNA polymerases have been isolated to be used in polymerase chain Reaction (PCR)?

A
Pfu polymerase isolated from Pyrococcus furiosus

B
Tli polymerase (vent polymerase) isolated from Thermococcus litoralis

C
Both (a) and (b)

D
None of these

Solution

In addition to Tag DNA polymerase, Pfu polymerase and Tli polymerase have been isolated which are also thermostable. Pfu polymerase is isolated from Pyrococcus furiosus. Tli (vent) polymerase is isolated from Thermococcus litoralis.
Question 10
1 / -0

If a recombinant DNA bearing gene for resistance to antibiotic ampicillin is transferred to E.coli cells, the host cells become transformed into ampicillin-resistant cells. If such bacteria are transferred on agar plates containing ampicillin, only transformants will grow and the non-transformed recipient cells will die. The ampicillin-resistant gene in this case is called as _______________.

A
Selectable marker

B
Recombinant protein

C
Cloning site

D
Chemical scalpels

Solution

The cloning vector requires the presence of a selectable marker, which helps in identifying and eliminating non-transformants and selectively permitting the growth of the transformants. Normally, the genes encoding resistance to antibiotics such as ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline or kanamycin, etc. are considered useful selectable markers for E. coli. The normal E.coli cells do not carry resistance against any of these antibiotics.

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Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test - 45

Result

Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test - 45

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Tumor Inducing - Ti plasmid

DNA probe - Identifies the desired DNA fragment

PCR - DNA staining

Agarose - Sea weeds

Solution

Question 2

Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Thermus aquaticus

Streptomyces albus

Escherichia coli

Solution

Question 3

Silver or Tungsten

Arsenic or Silver

Gold or Tungsten

None of these

Solution

Question 4

Micro-injection method

Gene gun method

Bioreactors

Disarmed pathogen vectors

Solution

Question 5

1 and 3

4 and 6

4 and 7

4, 7 and 8

Solution

Question 6

(i) $$94^o$$$$C$$ (ii) $$40^o$$$$C$$ (iii) $$72^o$$$$C$$

(i) $$40^o$$$$C$$ (ii) $$72^o$$$$C$$ (iii) $$94^o$$$$C$$

(i) $$94^o$$$$C$$ (ii) $$72^o$$$$C$$ (iii) $$40^o$$$$C$$

(i) $$72^o$$$$C$$ (ii) $$94^o$$$$C$$ (iii) $$40^o$$$$C$$

Solution

Question 7

(i) and (ii)

(i), (ii) and (iii)

(iii) and (iv)

(ii) and (iii)

Solution

Question 8

Annealing denaturation extension

Denaturation extension annealing

Denaturation annealing extension

Extension denaturation annealing

Solution

Question 9

Pfu polymerase isolated from Pyrococcus furiosus

Tli polymerase (vent polymerase) isolated from Thermococcus litoralis

Both (a) and (b)

None of these

Solution

Question 10

Selectable marker

Recombinant protein

Cloning site

Chemical scalpels

Solution

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