Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test

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Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test - 60

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Question 1
1 / -0

Gene recombinant technology is used for

A
Vectorless gene transfer into target cell.

B
Vector based gene transfer into target cell.

C
Direct transfer of DNA protein complex.

D
Liposome base direct gene transfer into target cell.
Solution
- In molecular cloning, the DNA molecules are used as the vector to transfer the desired gene into the host cell.
- Desired gene gets incorporated into the host genome and then replicates to express the gene.
- The vectors are constructed using the recombinant DNA technology method.
- Vectors are of different types based on their size and the number of genes they can carry. The most common vectors are the plasmids.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Question 2
1 / -0

Restriction enzymes were discovered by microbiologists who were studying the host range of infectious bacteriophage. The term restriction refers to the fact that different strains of bacteria are resistant to bacteriophage infection if they contain the appropriate endonucleases that can destroy infecting DNA. Observe this figure and answer the following questions.

What are structures labeled A and B respectively?

A
A is a restriction endonuclease and B is a ligase

B
A is a ligase and B is a methylase

C
A is a restriction endonuclease and B is a methylase

D
A is a polymerase and B is a methylase
Solution
- A restriction enzyme restriction endonuclease is an enzyme that cleaves DNA into fragments at or near specific recognition sites within molecules known as restriction sites.
- Methylase is an enzyme that adds a methyl group to the adenine of the sequence 5'-GATC-3' in newly synthesized DNA.
- Hence A is a restriction endonuclease and B is a methylase in structure labelled A and B respectively
- So the correct answer is 'A is a restriction endonuclease and B is a methylase'.
Question 3
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Polyethylene glycol method is used for

A
Energy production from sewage

B
Gene transfer without a vector

C
Biodiesel production

D
Seedless fruit production

Solution

Sewage serves as source of biomass energy by anaerobic digestion to produce biogas. The sewage sludge is exposed to pyrolysis to produce more biogas. Biodiesel is produced from straight vegetable oil, animal oil/fats and waste cooking oil by transesterification of a triglyceride (fat/oil) with an alcohol to form esters and glycerol. Development of fruits without fertilization is known as parthenocarpy; the fruits are seedless with longer shelf life and greater consumer appeal. Polyethylene glycol is used in chemical mediated gene transfer wherein it induces DNA uptake into plant protoplasts
So, the correct answer is 'Gene transfer without a vector'
Question 4
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Which one is a true statement regarding DNA polymerase used in PCR?

A
It is isolated from a virus.

B
It remains active at high temperature.

C
It is used to ligate introduced DNA in recipient cells.

D
It serves as a selectable marker.

Solution

The primary requirements for a DNA polymerase used in PCR are optimal activity at temperatures around 75$$^o$$C and the ability to retain that activity after prolonged incubation at even higher temperatures (95$$^o$$C). The first thermostable DNA polymerase to be widely used for PCR is Taq DNA Polymerase.
Question 5
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Restriction enzymes were discovered by microbiologists who were studying the host range of infectious bacteriophage. The term restriction refers to the fact that different strains of bacteria are resistant to bacteriophage infection if they contain the appropriate endonucleases that can destroy infecting DNA. Observe this figure and answer the following questions.

Can you pick up from figure, how the bacteria protects its own genome from degradation by restriction endonucleases?

A
Site specific coupling of its own DNA

B
Site specific oxidation of its own DNA

C
Site specific methylation of its own DNA

D
All of the above
Solution
- Restriction enzymes cut foreign DNA, such as viral DNA, into fragments.
- Bacteria protect their own DNA by modifying bases, usually by methylation, at the recognition sites.
- Hence, the bacteria protects its own genome from degradation by restriction endonucleases by Site-specific methylation of its own DNA.
- So, the correct answer is 'Site-specific methylation of its own DNA'.
Question 6
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Which one of the following palindromic bases sequences in DNA, can be easily cut at about the middle by some particular restriction enzyme?

A
5' CACGTA 3' and 3' CTCAGT 5'

B
5' CGTTCG 3' and 3' ATGGTA 5'

C
5' GATATC 3' and 3' CTACTA 5'

D
5' GAATTC 3' and 3' CTTAAG 5'

Solution

A restriction enzyme (or restriction endonuclease) is an enzyme that cuts DNA at or near specific recognition nucleotide sequences known as restriction sites. Restriction enzymes recognize a specific sequence of nucleotides and produce a double-stranded cut in the DNA. Many of them are palindromic, meaning the base sequence reads the same backwards and forwards. Recognition sequences in DNA differ for each restriction enzyme, producing differences in the length, sequence and strand orientation (5' end or the 3' end) of a sticky-end of an enzyme restriction. If we cut the DNA with EcoR1, the DNA would be cut right in the middle. All the pieces would be the same size, which would be 15 kb long. Hence 5' GAATTC 3' ; 3' CTTAAG 5' palindrome sequence can be easily cut at about the middle by EcoR1 enzyme.
Question 7
1 / -0

PEG is used for

A
Fusing of protoplasts

B
Cloning

C
Filling water and alcohol

D
Production of eggs
Solution
- Several chemicals have been used to induce protoplast fusion.
- Sodium nitrate (NaN03), polyethene glycol (PEG), Calcium ions (Ca2+), Polyvinyl alcohol etc. are the most commonly used protoplast fusion inducing agents which are commonly known as chemical fusogens.
- Hence, PEG is used for Fusing of protoplasts.
- So, the correct answer is 'Fusing of protoplasts'.
Question 8
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Eco RI, Eco RV and Sac I are the types of restriction enzymes. Three types of termini can be generated.
(1) 5' staggered ends,
(2) blunt ends, and
(3) 3'staggered ends. Importantly, the 5' termini of each strand in the cleavage product(s) retain the phosphoryl group from the phospho diester bond, the 3' termini are hydroxylated. Here are their actions given.
Which of the following is correct answer?

A
All of these produce sticky ends.

B
All of them produce blunt ends.

C
Each one of them can produce sticky and blunt ends.

D
All of them act on palindromic sequences.

E
Both A and D.

Solution

Each restriction endonuclease recognises a specific palindromic nucleotide sequences in the DNA. The palindrome in DNA is a sequence of base pairs that reads same on the two strands when orientation of reading is kept the same. For example, the following sequences reads the same on the two strands in 5' - 3' direction. 5' GAATTC 3' and 3' CTTAAG 5'. Restriction enzymes cut the strand of DNA a little away from the centre of the palindrome sites, but between the same two bases on the opposite strands. This leaves single stranded portions at the ends. There are overhanging stretches called as sticky ends on each strand.
Question 9
1 / -0

Protection of endogenous cleavage is accomplished by

A
Methylation

B
Heterochromatization

C
Ligation

D
Ethylation

Solution

Restriction endonucleases recognise specific sequences in the DNA and digest the DNA into fragments. Hence, the restriction endonucleases are synthesised by bacteria as part of their defense mechanism which help in the cleavage of the DNA segments which are identified as foreign. The restriction sites are very short sequences and can be present in the genome of the bacteria. Its own DNA is protected from destruction by adding methyl groups to it. Certain bases in the strand of DNA of the bacteria are modified for getting protected against the activity of the enzymes.
Thus, the correct option is A.
Question 10
1 / -0

In recombination DNA technique, which of the following technique is not used in introducing DNA into host cell?

A
Transduction

B
Replication

C
Transformation

D
Electroporation

E
Conjugation
Solution
- Transformation is the transfer of genetic material from one bacterial strain to another without establishing physical contact.
- Transduction is the transfer of genetic material from one strain to other via viral particles. The virus infects bacteria and released viral particles carry part of the bacterial genetic material which is then transferred to the next host bacterium.
- Electroporation is the method of direct gene transfer by applying a pulse of high voltage to protoplasts/cells/ tissues to make transient pores in the plasma membrane which serve to uptake the foreign DNA.
- Conjugation is the transfer of genetic material between two bacterial strains via the conjugation tube.
- DNA replication is semiconservative in which a DNA strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a new strand and produces two new DNA molecules, each with one new strand and one parental strand; it is not a method of gene transfer.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.

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Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test - 60

Result

Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test - 60

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Vectorless gene transfer into target cell.

Vector based gene transfer into target cell.

Direct transfer of DNA protein complex.

Liposome base direct gene transfer into target cell.

Solution

Question 2

A is a restriction endonuclease and B is a ligase

A is a ligase and B is a methylase

A is a restriction endonuclease and B is a methylase

A is a polymerase and B is a methylase

Solution

Question 3

Energy production from sewage

Gene transfer without a vector

Biodiesel production

Seedless fruit production

Solution

Question 4

It is isolated from a virus.

It remains active at high temperature.

It is used to ligate introduced DNA in recipient cells.

It serves as a selectable marker.

Solution

Question 5

Site specific coupling of its own DNA

Site specific oxidation of its own DNA

Site specific methylation of its own DNA

All of the above

Solution

Question 6

5' CACGTA 3' and 3' CTCAGT 5'

5' CGTTCG 3' and 3' ATGGTA 5'

5' GATATC 3' and 3' CTACTA 5'

5' GAATTC 3' and 3' CTTAAG 5'

Solution

Question 7

Fusing of protoplasts

Cloning

Filling water and alcohol

Production of eggs

Solution

Question 8

All of these produce sticky ends.

All of them produce blunt ends.

Each one of them can produce sticky and blunt ends.

All of them act on palindromic sequences.

Both A and D.

Solution

Question 9

Methylation

Heterochromatization

Ligation

Ethylation

Solution

Question 10

Transduction

Replication

Transformation

Electroporation

Conjugation

Solution

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